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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cebape</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Cadernos EBAPE.BR</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Cad. EBAPE.BR</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1679-3951</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1679-395120230041</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">00009</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>ARTIGO</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>A evolução na divulgação de práticas de compliance por companhias abertas brasileiras no período “Lava Jato”</article-title>
				<trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
					<trans-title>Evolution in compliance disclosure by Brazilian listed companies during the corruption investigation “Operation <italic>Lava Jato</italic> (Car Wash)”</trans-title>
				</trans-title-group>
				<trans-title-group xml:lang="es">
					<trans-title>Evolución de la divulgación de prácticas de compliance de las empresas brasileñas que cotizan en bolsa en el período “Lava-Jato”</trans-title>
				</trans-title-group>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7740-3946</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sousa</surname>
						<given-names>Henrique Adriano de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Conceituação (Liderança)</role>
					<role>Curadoria de dados (Liderança)</role>
					<role>Análise formal (Igual)</role>
					<role>Aquisição de financiamento (Igual)</role>
					<role>Investigação (Liderança)</role>
					<role>Metodologia (Liderança)</role>
					<role>Administração de projeto (Liderança)</role>
					<role>Validação (Igual)</role>
					<role>Escrita - rascunho original (Liderança)</role>
					<role>Escrita - revisão e edição (Suporte)</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0165-3615</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Passos</surname>
						<given-names>Gabriela de Abreu</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1b"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Conceituação (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Curadoria de dados (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Análise formal (Igual)</role>
					<role>Aquisição de financiamento (Igual)</role>
					<role>Investigação (Igual)</role>
					<role>Metodologia (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Administração de projeto (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Validação (Igual)</role>
					<role>Escrita - rascunho original (Igual)</role>
					<role>Escrita - revisão e edição (Igual)</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9097-2481</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Portulhak</surname>
						<given-names>Henrique</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1c"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Conceituação (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Curadoria de dados (Liderança)</role>
					<role>Análise formal (Igual)</role>
					<role>Investigação (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Metodologia (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Administração de projeto (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Validação (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Escrita - rascunho original (Igual)</role>
					<role>Escrita - revisão e edição (Igual)</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9676-9938</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Azevedo</surname>
						<given-names>Sayuri Unoki de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1d"><sup>1</sup></xref>
					<role>Conceituação (Igual)</role>
					<role>Curadoria de dados (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Análise formal (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Investigação (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Metodologia (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Administração de projeto (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Validação (Suporte)</role>
					<role>Escrita - rascunho original (Igual)</role>
					<role>Escrita - revisão e edição (Liderança)</role>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba- PR, Brasil</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          	<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<email>henriqueadrianodesousa@gmail.com</email>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff1b">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba- PR, Brasil</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          	<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<email>gabriela.abreu.passos@gmail.com</email>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff1c">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba- PR, Brasil</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          	<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<email>henrique.portulhak@ufpr.br</email>
				</aff>
				<aff id="aff1d">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba- PR, Brasil</institution>
					<institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Paraná</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          	<named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
					<email>sayuri.unoki@gmail.com</email>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
					<p>Henrique Adriano de Sousa - Doutorando e Mestre em Contabilidade pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Contabilidade da Universidade Federal do Paraná (PPGCONT-UFPR); Professor no departamento de Administração e Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR). E-mail: henriqueadrianodesousa@gmail.com</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
					<p>Gabriela de Abreu Passos - Doutoranda e Mestre em Contabilidade pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Contabilidade da Universidade Federal do Paraná (PPGCONT-UFPR); Professora no departamento de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). E-mail: gabriela.abreu.passos@gmail.com</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
					<p>Henrique Portulhak - Doutor em Contabilidade pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Contabilidade da Universidade Federal do Paraná (PPGCONT-UFPR); Professor no Programa de Pós-graduação em Contabilidade da Universidade Federal do Paraná (PPGCONT-UFPR). E-mail: henrique.portulhak@ufpr.br</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
					<p>Sayuri Unoki de Azevedo - Doutora em Controladoria e Contabilidade pela Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Atuária da Universidade de São Paulo (FEA/USP); Professora no Programa de Pós-graduação em Contabilidade da Universidade Federal do Paraná (PPGCONT-UFPR). E-mail: sayuri.unoki@gmail.com</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by" id="fn6">
					<p>Hélio Arthur Reis Irigaray (Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro / RJ - Brasil). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9580-7859</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by" id="fn7">
					<p>Fabricio Stocker (Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro / RJ - Brasil). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6340-9127</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<!--<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>20</day>
				<month>02</month>
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>-->
			<pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
				<year>2024</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>22</volume>
			<issue>1</issue>
			<elocation-id>e2023-0041</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>23</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>18</day>
					<month>06</month>
					<year>2023</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="pt">
					<license-p>Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title><italic>Resumo</italic></title>
				<p>O estudo investiga a evolução na divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> por companhias abertas brasileiras no contexto da Lava Jato, comparando o ano de início com o último ano de protagonismo da operação. Com base no paradigma interpretativista, foram analisados os relatórios de administração de 104 companhias listadas no segmento Novo Mercado da B3, de 2014 a 2019, por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os achados indicaram um substancial aumento na divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> nas companhias analisadas, principalmente em categorias como “política anticorrupção”, “cultura organizacional de <italic>compliance</italic>”, “programas e processos internos de <italic>compliance</italic>” e “legislação e normas de <italic>compliance</italic>”. Revelou-se que a divulgação de práticas de monitoramento e gestão de riscos exerceram um relevante papel nas práticas voluntárias de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> dessas entidades. O destacado aumento do <italic>disclosure</italic> de <italic>compliance</italic> por companhias com forte relacionamento com o poder público sugere que pressões coercitivas de caráter governamental tendem a maximizar a adoção de práticas de <italic>compliance</italic> e sua divulgação. Os achados contribuem em termos teóricos ao identificar o avanço na divulgação voluntária do <italic>compliance</italic> como estratégia de resposta a pressões institucionais, com maior efeito em companhias expostas a pressões coercitivas governamentais. Em termos práticos, contribui ao revelar as categorias de <italic>compliance</italic> enfatizadas nas divulgações de companhias nacionais, auxiliando elaboradores de relatórios corporativos e informando demais agentes econômicos. De forma social, o aumento da divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> aponta avanços na criação de condições que visam aumentar a confiança dos agentes econômicos, favorecendo o crescimento econômico.</p>
			</abstract>
			<trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<p>This study investigates the evolution of compliance disclosure by Brazilian public companies in the context of Operation <italic>Lava Jato</italic> (Car Wash), comparing the opening year and the last year of its protagonism. Using the interpretive paradigm, the Management Reports of 2014 and 2019 of 104 companies listed in the New Market segment of B3 were analyzed through the content analysis technique. The findings indicated a substantial increase in compliance disclosure in the analyzed companies, mainly in categories such as Anti-corruption Policy, Compliance Organizational Culture, Internal Compliance Programs and Processes, and Compliance Legislation and Standards. It was revealed that the disclosure of Monitoring and Risk Management Practices played a relevant role in the voluntary disclosure practices of these entities. The increased compliance disclosure by companies with a strong relationship with the Public Power suggests that coercive pressures of a government nature tend to maximize the adoption of compliance practices and disclosure. The findings contribute from a theoretical perspective by identifying the progress in voluntary compliance disclosure as a response strategy to institutional pressures, especially in companies exposed to coercive governmental pressures. From a practical viewpoint, it contributes by revealing the compliance categories emphasized in the disclosures by Brazilian companies, helping corporate report developers, and informing other economic agents. On a social level, the increased compliance disclosure points to progress in creating conditions that seek to increase confidence among economic agents, thus favoring economic growth.</p>
			</trans-abstract>
			<trans-abstract xml:lang="es">
				<title><italic>Resumen</italic></title>
				<p>El estudio investiga la evolución de la divulgación de <italic>compliance</italic> de las empresas brasileñas que cotizan en bolsa en el contexto de la operación “Lava-Jato”. Se analizaron los Informes de Gestión de los años 2014 a 2019 de 104 empresas listadas en el segmento Novo Mercado de B3, a través de la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados indicaron un aumento sustancial en la divulgación de <italic>compliance</italic>, especialmente en categorías Política Anticorrupción, Cultura Organizacional de <italic>Compliance</italic>, Programas y Procesos Internos de <italic>Compliance,</italic> y Legislación y Normas de <italic>Compliance</italic>. La divulgación de prácticas de monitoreo y gestión de riesgos desempeñó un papel relevante en las prácticas de divulgación voluntaria de <italic>compliance</italic>. El aumento destacado de la divulgación de <italic>compliance</italic> por empresas con fuerte relación con el poder público sugiere que las presiones coercitivas de naturaleza gubernamental tienden a maximizar la adopción de prácticas de <italic>compliance</italic> y su divulgación. Los resultados contribuyen en el aspecto teórico al identificar el avance de la divulgación voluntaria de cumplimiento como estrategia de respuesta a las presiones institucionales, con mayor efecto en las empresas expuestas a presiones coercitivas gubernamentales. En cuanto al aspecto práctico, contribuye al revelar las categorías de <italic>compliance</italic> enfatizadas en las divulgaciones de las empresas nacionales, ayudando a los elaboradores de informes corporativos e informando a otros agentes económicos. Para la sociedad, una mayor divulgación del <italic>compliance</italic> indica un avance en la creación de condiciones que buscan aumentar la confianza de los agentes económicos, fomentando el crecimiento económico.</p>
			</trans-abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave:</title>
				<kwd>Compliance</kwd>
				<kwd>Práticas Anticorrupção</kwd>
				<kwd>Novo Mercado</kwd>
				<kwd>Governança Corporativa</kwd>
				<kwd>Disclosure</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords:</title>
				<kwd>Compliance</kwd>
				<kwd>Anti-Corruption Practices</kwd>
				<kwd>New Market</kwd>
				<kwd>Corporate Governance</kwd>
				<kwd>Disclosure</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="es">
				<title>Palabras clave:</title>
				<kwd>Compliance</kwd>
				<kwd>Prácticas anticorrupción</kwd>
				<kwd>Novo Mercado</kwd>
				<kwd>Gobernanza Corporativa</kwd>
				<kwd>Divulgación</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<funding-group>
				<award-group award-type="contract">
					<funding-source>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior</funding-source>
					<award-id>001</award-id>
				</award-group>
			</funding-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="5"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="70"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>INTRODUÇÃO</title>
			<p><italic>Compliance</italic> costuma ser entendido como o conjunto de programas ou mecanismos de conformidade utilizados por organizações a fim de orientar, prevenir e detectar comportamentos fraudulentos, criminosos e ilegais, bem como formar uma cultura organizacional voltada ao cumprimento de normas e critérios éticos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">Chang, 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">Ragazzo, 2018</xref>). O <italic>compliance</italic>, desse modo, vai além da auditoria e gestão de riscos, pois contempla o treinamento dos funcionários e a criação de uma cultura organizacional voltada à conformidade, o que leva todos os membros da organização ao conhecimento e cumprimento das normas estabelecidas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">Porta, 2011</xref>).</p>
			<p>Por englobar elementos de alinhamento com a cultura, normas e valores requeridos pelo ambiente institucional, a orientação ao <italic>compliance</italic> ocasiona o desenvolvimento de mecanismos internos que propiciam legitimidade organizacional, criando valores reputacionais em favor da organização (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Burdon &amp; Sorour, 2020</xref>).</p>
			<p>A falta de mecanismos de <italic>compliance</italic> cede espaço a práticas ilegais. Por isso, o tema tem recebido crescente atenção da área legislativa no Brasil, o que pode ser observado por meio de normas emitidas com o objetivo de coibir atos de corrupção por entidades, como a Lei de Improbidade Administrativa, a Lei Geral de Licitações e Contratos, a Lei de Acesso à Informação, a criminalização da corrupção internacional no Código Penal, a Lei Anticorrupção e a Lei das Estatais (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">Mendes &amp; Carvalho, 2017</xref>). Ainda, ciente da relação entre <italic>compliance</italic> e reputação organizacional, o legislador prevê, no art. 19, II, do Decreto 11.129 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">2022</xref>), sanções reputacionais a pessoas jurídicas responsabilizadas por atos contra a administração pública, o que ocorre por meio de publicação extraordinária da decisão administrativa sancionadora.</p>
			<p>O tema ‘<italic>compliance</italic>’ ganhou relevo no país após recentes escândalos de corrupção corporativa, em especial com a operação Lava Jato (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">Ragazzo, 2018</xref>). Iniciada em 2014, revelou o envolvimento de empresas de destaque no cenário nacional em práticas ilícitas, como Petrobrás, Odebrecht, Camargo Corrêa e Andrade Gutierrez. Ainda de acordo com o estudo mencionado, o evento ‘Lava Jato’ chamou a atenção das empresas para o desenvolvimento de iniciativas mais robustas de programas de conformidade, buscando prevenir e/ou detectar tais desvios.</p>
			<p>Entendido como um dos meios de prevenção e combate a casos ilícitos, o <italic>compliance</italic> é, portanto, requisito para uma boa governança corporativa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">Silveira, 2002</xref>). Em razão disso, também se observa que órgãos como o Instituto Brasileiro de Governança Corporativa (IBGC), a Brasil <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Bolsa Balcão</xref> (B3) e a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) têm incentivado companhias de capital aberto à adoção de programas de <italic>compliance</italic> por meio de recomendações de boas práticas. Entretanto, o Brasil ainda é percebido como um país com alto índice de corrupção. No último <italic>ranking</italic> divulgado pela Transparência Internacional, o Brasil ocupa a 94ª posição entre 180 países, com um <italic>score</italic> de 38 em uma escala de 0 a 100, em que, quanto maior o <italic>score</italic>, maior a percepção sobre a integridade do país (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B64">Transparency International, 2021</xref>).</p>
			<p>Mediante pressões, as organizações moldam seus mecanismos internos para se adequarem ao que é requerido externamente (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">Durand et al., 2019</xref>). As empresas sofrem pressões legais e sociais para a implementação de práticas de anticorrupção (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Bahoo et al., 2020</xref>), especialmente em períodos em que são descobertos casos de fraudes e corrupção (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Castro et al., 2020</xref>). As pressões presentes no ambiente provocam uma resposta estratégica das empresas de modo a demonstrar conformidade social (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45">Oliver, 1991</xref>). Assim, as companhias podem ser levadas a divulgar voluntariamente sua adesão a normas de <italic>compliance</italic>, a fim de obter legitimidade ante o público externo em virtude de pressões institucionais (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">Öge, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">Sarhan &amp; Ntim, 2018</xref>). Nesse cenário, pressupõe-se que a Operação Lava Jato, adicionalmente a seus consequentes reflexos sociais e legislativos, promoveu pressões sobre as companhias para que ampliassem a divulgação do <italic>compliance</italic>, com vista a obter legitimidade ante seus <italic>stakeholders</italic> no cenário nacional.</p>
			<p>Diante do exposto, o presente estudo investigou a evolução na divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> por companhias abertas brasileiras no contexto da Lava Jato, comparando o ano de início e o último ano de protagonismo da operação. Especificamente, a investigação identificou as categorias de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> que apresentaram maior evolução no período, assim como os setores e companhias que mais avançaram nesse quesito, a fim de compreender as razões das mudanças no padrão de divulgação.</p>
			<p>Recentes estudos foram realizados em empresas brasileiras centrando-se nos temas relacionados a <italic>compliance</italic> e corrupção. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">Pavesi (2016</xref>) avaliou as práticas de <italic>disclosure</italic> anticorrupção de companhias de capital aberto do segmento Novo Mercado da B3, com base em dados coletados nos anos de 2015 e 2016. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">Melo (2019</xref>) avaliou os níveis de divulgação de práticas de <italic>compliance</italic> anticorrupção e sua relação com as fases de vantagem competitiva transitória de companhias listadas na B3 do segmento Novo Mercado de governança corporativa, fundamentado em um recorte temporal relativo ao exercício de 2017. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Carraro (2020</xref>) desenvolveu um índice de transparência de programas de <italic>compliance</italic> e avaliou a transparência desses programas em empresas brasileiras do setor financeiro baseado em dados coletados no ano de 2019.</p>
			<p>O presente estudo avança ao investigar as características de divulgação sobre <italic>compliance</italic> de companhias abertas listadas no segmento Novo Mercado da B3, por não se limitar às práticas anticorrupção e efetuar uma comparação dessa divulgação entre os anos de 2014 e 2019. Assim, este estudo possibilita avaliar a evolução nas características de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> durante o período de atuação da Operação Lava Jato, evento relevante que chamou a atenção de empresas e da sociedade brasileira para esse tema.</p>
			<p>A corrupção impacta negativamente o desenvolvimento econômico de países, muitas vezes afastando investimentos estrangeiros diretos, dado o aumento da percepção de riscos políticos e econômicos e dos custos diretos e indiretos associados à corrupção (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Doh et al., 2003</xref>). Nessa linha, a corrupção é associada a maior volatilidade no mercado de capitais em países emergentes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Zhang, 2012</xref>), maior custo de captação de recursos, desvalorização de ações e governança corporativa ruim (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">Ng, 2006</xref>). No Brasil, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">Padula e Albuquerque (2018</xref>) identificaram efeitos negativos no valor das empresas estatais brasileiras em virtude da revelação das redes de corrupção pela Operação Lava Jato, apontando fuga de recursos financeiros e queda de crescimento econômico.</p>
			<p>Por esse motivo, estudos que discutam o <italic>compliance</italic> em companhias têm relevância no aspecto social, visto que o aumento da transparência e o combate à corrupção são medidas necessárias ao desenvolvimento de países emergentes (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Zhang, 2012</xref>). De acordo com <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">Padula e Albuquerque (2018</xref>), é salutar que haja uma recuperação da credibilidade do Brasil diante dos esquemas de corrupção revelados pela Operação Lava Jato, de modo que políticas de <italic>compliance</italic> são vistas como ferramentas para diminuir o risco percebido por investidores e a consequente fuga de capitais.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec>
			<title>REVISÃO DA LITERATURA</title>
			<p>Na década de 1980, com os estudos de <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Dye (1985</xref>) e <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B67">Verrecchia (1983</xref>), uma abordagem das pesquisas em contabilidade denominada Teoria da Divulgação começou a se consolidar. Nesta área de investigação, procura-se verificar os determinantes e os efeitos das divulgações de informações corporativas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">Enache &amp; Hussainey, 2020</xref>). A propagação de informações pode tanto ocorrer por caráter compulsório, mediante força legal ou de maneira voluntária; este segundo aspecto é o mais focalizado na Teoria da Divulgação, conforme ressaltado por Dye (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">2001</xref>). Por trás da divulgação, há por parte da corporação a premissa de obtenção de benefícios diretos e indiretos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">Park et al., 2019</xref>), que direciona a decisão quanto ao tipo e à quantidade de informações que serão veiculadas ao mercado.</p>
			<p>Há que se destacar que as informações voluntárias possuem relação com a discricionariedade de divulgação dos gestores (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">Hesarzadeh et al., 2020</xref>). Devido a isso, a escolha de reter ou publicar informações sobre a companhia depende de uma série de determinantes envolvidas nas motivações dos administradores ao realizar tal ação (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Baik et al., 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B67">Verrecchia, 1983</xref>). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B61">Shou et al. (2022</xref>) comentam que os dirigentes consideram aspectos de retorno para a empresa tanto no curto quanto no longo prazo ante a necessidade informacional dos diferentes <italic>stakeholders</italic>. Para os autores, apesar de possíveis conflitos a respeito dos direcionadores da divulgação ao longo do tempo, o propósito reside na tratativa de melhorar a imagem da organização no mercado, para, assim, obter uma prospecção de lucratividade.</p>
			<p>Essa posição está em linha com um dos pontos explanados por <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Gibbins et al. (1990</xref>), qual seja, o de que a divulgação voluntária possui ligação central com a credibilidade empresarial e influencia na construção e manutenção da reputação corporativa. A busca pela reputação é considerada um fator indutor de divulgação das informações empresariais (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Bravo, 2016</xref>). A reputação das corporações tem relação com a percepção coletiva das ações empresariais passadas e as expectativas quanto à capacidade da empresa de atender aos interesses dos <italic>stakeholders</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">Pérez-Cornejo et al., 2019</xref>). Em níveis elevados, a reputação corporativa pode trazer benefícios à organização, como a diminuição do risco de falência (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">Góis et al., 2020</xref>), melhora do desempenho financeiro e operacional (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B69">Weng &amp; Chen, 2017</xref>) e aumento no valor da empresa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B68">Wei et al., 2017</xref>).</p>
			<p>A divulgação de informações também proporciona redução de assimetria de informação entre os dirigentes e as partes interessadas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Healy &amp; Palepu, 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">Romito &amp; Vurro, 2021</xref>). Com isso, o conflito de agência pode ser mitigado, uma vez que haveria maior igualdade de informações entre as partes da empresa, o que dificultaria comportamentos oportunistas dos administradores (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">García-Sánchez &amp; Noguera-Gámez, 2017</xref>). Segundo <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">Nagar e Schoenfeld (2021</xref>), na relação de agência, as divulgações auxiliam o monitoramento da gestão, de modo que, no caso de desempenho insatisfatório e/ou expropriação, os acionistas podem requerer mudanças e sanções contratuais. Conforme demonstram os autores, o mercado reage positivamente quando são firmados contratos de acionistas com direitos a informações privadas da administração. Isso, portanto, mostra a relevância atribuída pelos agentes de mercado às divulgações corporativas.</p>
			<p>Acrescente-se que o conteúdo divulgado pelas companhias em suas publicações expressa sua conformidade com as expectativas dos <italic>stakeholders</italic> e com os aspectos legais e normativos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">Sarhan &amp; Ntim, 2018</xref>). Tal conformidade é mais conhecida como <italic>compliance</italic> e deve incluir medidas destinadas a orientar, prevenir e detectar comportamentos fraudulentos, criminosos e ilegais em uma organização, o que pode ser realizado por meio de um conjunto de programas ou mecanismos de conformidade direcionados ao cumprimento de normas e critérios éticos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">Clamer, 2018</xref>).</p>
			<p>Adicionalmente, o <italic>compliance</italic> procura fortalecer controles e proteção interna, de forma a se tornar um mecanismo auxiliar na gestão de risco e constituir a base de orientação das práticas corporativas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Aguilar et al., 2021</xref>). Implementar uma gestão voltada para o <italic>compliance</italic> exprime a promessa de melhoria contínua do comportamento empresarial com o cumprimento de elementos obrigatórios e a implementação de boas práticas que evitem desvios de conduta de forma voluntária (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Fasterling, 2012</xref>). Diante disso, apesar de o <italic>compliance</italic> ajudar na detecção e prevenção de fraudes, não se restringe a isso, perfazendo-se um elemento interno que impacta positivamente a reputação e legitimidade das organizações (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Burdon &amp; Sorour, 2020</xref>).</p>
			<p>Assim, a administração de uma entidade que está em <italic>compliance</italic> cria uma cultura organizacional que possibilita a identificação antecipada de práticas antiéticas por meio de mecanismos de colaboração, favorecendo a prevenção de tais comportamentos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">Ragazzo, 2018</xref>). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">Chang (2018</xref>) comenta que o <italic>compliance</italic> envolve diferentes princípios, tais como: padrões éticos da administração e dos colaboradores da organização; composição e atuação dos conselhos; divulgação de informações financeiras e não financeiras; remuneração dos conselheiros e dirigentes; gerenciamento de risco; auditoria; relacionamento com os acionistas; e respeito aos interesses dos <italic>stakeholders</italic>. Para que esses elementos sejam atendidos, a gestão deve desenvolver um conjunto de mecanismos que assegurem a continuidade e manutenção do <italic>compliance</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B59">Santana &amp; Silva, 2020</xref>).</p>
			<p>É possível perceber que a implementação de uma cultura voltada ao <italic>compliance</italic> produz efeitos no combate à corrupção dentro das organizações (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Blanc et al., 2019</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Damania et al., 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">Öge, 2016</xref>). De acordo com Damania et al. (2004), a corrupção e o <italic>compliance</italic> possuem uma relação negativa, visto que a diminuição da primeira é causada pelo aumento do segundo. A implementação de mecanismos de <italic>compliance</italic> possui desdobramentos que vão além do controle e da conformidade, uma vez que, sendo bem-sucedida, evita práticas corruptas de profissionais que não acreditam na efetividade de ações anticorrupção, por impor-lhes o receio de serem descobertos e punidos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">Hauser, 2019</xref>). No entanto, Öge (2016) ressalta que, para que as políticas de <italic>compliance</italic> sejam efetivas, devem ser divulgadas, resguardando a boa prática de transparência das ações corporativas. Segundo o autor, a divulgação do <italic>compliance</italic> auxilia a tomada de decisão de investimentos dos acionistas, contribuindo, ainda, para o monitoramento do comportamento dos dirigentes das companhias pelos agentes de mercado como maneira de inibir práticas antiéticas.</p>
			<p>De acordo com <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Batory (2012</xref>), como ações de corrupção ocorrem de forma privada entre alguns indivíduos da organização, a divulgação constante das ações de <italic>compliance</italic> é apropriada para deter possíveis esquemas corruptos. Cabe destacar que a gestão de <italic>compliance</italic> atua de forma preventiva, posto que a corrupção traz prejuízos à empresa, principalmente relacionados à sua reputação (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Fasterling, 2012</xref>; Öge, 2016). Além disso, as descobertas de práticas corruptas levam a entidade a despender tempo e recursos para diminuir a gravidade dos impactos no mercado (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B62">Shrives &amp; Brennan, 2017</xref>). Desse modo, adicionalmente, as publicações sobre o <italic>compliance</italic> podem ser vistas como estratégia de divulgação da firma para influenciar a percepção dos <italic>stakeholders</italic> sobre as suas condutas, demonstrando coerência com o que se espera da empresa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Blanc et al., 2019</xref>).</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="methods">
			<title>PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS</title>
			<p>Esta investigação foi conduzida sob um paradigma epistemológico interpretativista, que se caracteriza por uma abordagem mais ampla e pela construção de modelos em que as descobertas resultam da interação com os dados coletados (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Blaikie, 2010</xref>).</p>
			<p>A presente pesquisa tem como direcionamento de análise uma comparação entre as divulgações sobre <italic>compliance</italic> realizadas no ano de início da Lava Jato e no último ano de seu protagonismo. O ano de 2014 foi escolhido por marcar o ano de início da Operação Lava Jato e pela entrada em vigor da Lei nº 12.486 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">2013</xref>), que responsabilizar pessoas jurídicas pela prática de atos ilícitos contra a administração pública (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">Lei nº 12.486, 2013</xref>). Já a escolha por 2019 se justifica por ser o ano anterior ao cenário da pandemia de COVID-19, situação extrema que exerceu alta influência no comportamento de divulgação corporativa a partir de 2020 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">Larcker et al., 2020</xref>). Tal escolha também se deve ao fato de, em 2020, entrar em vigor a Lei de Abuso de Autoridade (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">Lei nº 13.869, 2019</xref>), entendida como prejudicial ao combate à corrupção no país e com potencial de enfraquecer ações como as promovidas pela Lava Jato (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">2019</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B54">Ramalhoso, 2019</xref>). Compreende-se, portanto, que a resposta à questão de pesquisa viabiliza-se com a análise de demarcações mais precisas e relevantes de tempo, em detrimento de uma análise de cada ano do período temporal de vigência da operação.</p>
			<p>As companhias listadas no segmento Novo Mercado da B3 devem se submeter a requisitos específicos de <italic>compliance</italic> (B3, 2021). Em estudos semelhantes, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">Pavesi (2016</xref>) e <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">Melo (2019</xref>) analisaram as companhias do Novo Mercado e observaram que este segmento possui o mais alto nível de governança corporativa e obrigatoriedade de “[...] implementação de funções de <italic>compliance</italic>, controles internos e riscos corporativos” (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">Melo, 2019</xref>, p. 51). Assim, em consonância com Pavesi (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">2016</xref>) e Melo (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">2019</xref>), foram analisadas companhias listadas no segmento Novo Mercado da B3 no período de investigação. Levou-se em conta, nesse caso, que há homogeneidade entre essas companhias em termos de exigências de divulgação e maior quantidade de requisitos de <italic>compliance</italic> a serem cumpridos, o que permitiu comparação com os resultados dos estudos mencionados.</p>
			<p>Com base nesse recorte, as companhias foram selecionadas de acordo com os seguintes critérios: listagem no segmento Novo Mercado nos anos de 2014 e 2019 concomitantemente; e disponibilidade do relatório da administração. Nos dois anos analisados, 110 companhias estavam listadas no referido segmento. Todavia, como seis dentre estas não apresentavam relatório de administração no momento da coleta de dados, 104 companhias constituíram, por fim, o <italic>corpus</italic> de análise deste estudo.</p>
			<p>O estudo adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo complementado por abordagem quantitativa. A aplicação inicial de uma abordagem qualitativa tem base em <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B57">Saccol (2009</xref>), que afirma que a adoção de um paradigma interpretativista conduz à utilização de métodos qualitativos de pesquisa. Para <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Denzin e Lincoln (2018</xref>), a pesquisa qualitativa busca esclarecer determinado fenômeno por meio de práticas interpretativistas, adotando uma abordagem ampla e que se desenvolve ao longo da investigação.</p>
			<p>A etapa qualitativa iniciou-se com a interpretação de significados mediante técnica de análise de conteúdo e categorização temática dos dados. A identificação de categorias de <italic>compliance</italic> foram definidas com base na leitura em profundidade dos relatórios da administração das empresas estudadas. Para tal, foram considerados a exploração do material e o tratamento dos resultados por inferência e interpretação, bem como procedimentos sistemáticos inerentes à análise de conteúdo e relativos às condições de produção das mensagens (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B58">Saldaña, 2015</xref>). Como resultado, obteve-se a formação das categorias de <italic>disclosure</italic>, <italic>compliance</italic> e suas respectivas frequências.</p>
			<p>Uma pesquisa de cunho interpretativista, de acordo com <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B57">Saccol (2009</xref>, p. 254), “[...] poderá empregar, eventualmente, métodos e técnicas de pesquisa qualitativas como auxiliares ou complementares a um estudo qualitativo mais amplo”. Portanto, em relação à análise quantitativa, com o objetivo de possibilitar explicações sobre a evolução da divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> nas companhias analisadas, realizou-se a análise de categorias, setores e companhias com maior evolução nesse aspecto, entre os anos de 2014 e 2019.</p>
			<p>Procedeu-se da seguinte forma: (i) análise da variação das ocorrências de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> por categorias; (ii) análise da variação das ocorrências de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> por setor; (iii) análise das categorias com maior variação nos setores com maior variação de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic>; (iv) análise da variação das ocorrências de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> por companhia; (v) análise das categorias com maior variação nas companhias com maior variação de <italic>disclosure</italic> de <italic>compliance</italic>.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>DISCUSSÃO E ANÁLISE DOS DADOS</title>
			<p>Para efetuar a análise, buscou-se inicialmente identificar os códigos de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> que apresentaram maior evolução no período. Para tal, realizou-se a leitura em profundidade dos relatórios da administração das companhias que compuseram o <italic>corpus</italic> de análise. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, emergiram dados que, ao longo do processo, levaram à identificação de 38 códigos (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Apêndice 1</xref>) relacionados à divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic>, confirmados de acordo com correspondências legais e da literatura (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Decreto n. 8.420, 2015</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Figueiredo, 2015</xref>; Instrução <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">CVM 480, 2009</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">Pinheiro &amp; Alves, 2017</xref>). Tais códigos foram agrupados em seis categorias de <italic>compliance</italic>, conforme exposto na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>. Cada categoria identificada reúne os principais aspectos abordados pelas companhias analisadas.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1">
					<label>Tabela 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Categorias de Compliance</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="center">Agrupamento</th>
								<th align="center">2014</th>
								<th align="center">%</th>
								<th align="center">2019</th>
								<th align="center">%</th>
								<th align="center">Δ%</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Política anticorrupção</td>
								<td align="center">35</td>
								<td align="center">6%</td>
								<td align="center">91</td>
								<td align="center">8%</td>
								<td align="center">160%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Cultura organizacional de <italic>compliance</italic></td>
								<td align="center">44</td>
								<td align="center">7%</td>
								<td align="center">108</td>
								<td align="center">9%</td>
								<td align="center">145%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Programas e processos internos de <italic>compliance</italic></td>
								<td align="center">169</td>
								<td align="center">29%</td>
								<td align="center">400</td>
								<td align="center">35%</td>
								<td align="center">137%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Legislação e normas de <italic>compliance</italic></td>
								<td align="center">72</td>
								<td align="center">12%</td>
								<td align="center">161</td>
								<td align="center">14%</td>
								<td align="center">124%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Áreas internas destinados ao <italic>compliance</italic></td>
								<td align="center">180</td>
								<td align="center">31%</td>
								<td align="center">277</td>
								<td align="center">24%</td>
								<td align="center">56%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Documentos corporativos para o <italic>compliance</italic></td>
								<td align="center">89</td>
								<td align="center">15%</td>
								<td align="center">122</td>
								<td align="center">11%</td>
								<td align="center">37%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Total/Δ</td>
								<td align="center">589</td>
								<td align="center">100%</td>
								<td align="center">1159</td>
								<td align="center">100%</td>
								<td align="center">97%</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN1">
							<p>Fonte: Dados da pesquisa.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Em termos gerais, houve um aumento de 97% na ocorrência de temas relacionados ao <italic>compliance</italic> nos relatórios de administração das companhias analisadas no ano de 2019 em comparação a 2014. Observa-se que a variação entre os anos analisados e a quantidade absoluta de ocorrências por categoria deu-se principalmente pela ampliação na abordagem de política anticorrupção; cultura organizacional de <italic>compliance</italic>; programas e processos internos de <italic>compliance</italic>; e legislação e normas de <italic>compliance</italic>.</p>
			<p>A categoria ‘política anticorrupção’ apresentou um crescimento de 160% no período. Ela compreende os mecanismos organizacionais implementados com o fim de detectar e coibir as práticas de corrupção não somente internas, como também nas relações com agentes externos. Dentre esses artifícios, destacaram-se os códigos de Canais de Denúncia (32 ocorrências em 2019; representando um aumento de 191%) e Programas de Combate a Corrupção, suborno, propina ou pagamentos facilitados (com 46 ocorrências e um aumento de 156%). Essa categoria é observada no estudo de <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Blanc et al. (2019</xref>), os quais apontam que avanços nas políticas anticorrupção inibem a ocorrência de práticas nocivas à organização e demonstram preocupação com os <italic>stakeholders</italic>.</p>
			<p>Na sequência, a cultura organizacional de <italic>compliance</italic> e os programas e processos internos de <italic>compliance</italic> complementam-se. Houve avanços de 145% e 137% em sua divulgação, respectivamente. A primeira categoria é constituída principalmente de artifícios internos à organização, relacionados aos códigos de Princípio Éticos (30 ocorrências em 2019, indicando aumento de 58%) e de Treinamento e Cultura de <italic>Compliance</italic> (38 ocorrências em 2019, aumento de 280%). A segunda é embasada em mecanismos formais e processos internos, como Processos de Avaliação e Mitigação de Riscos (238 ocorrências em 2019, aumento de 59,5%) e Programa de <italic>Compliance</italic> (67 ocorrências em 2019, aumento de 319%). Desse modo, é notória a divulgação sobre direcionamentos formais e culturais, evidenciando a preocupação da organização de não se ater somente a práticas organizacionais, mas de promover também a cultura de <italic>compliance</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">Clamer, 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">Porta, 2011</xref>).</p>
			<p>A categoria ‘legislação e normas de <italic>compliance</italic>’ compreende os códigos relacionados a aspectos legais nacionais (39 ocorrências em 2019, representando um aumento de 56%), pressões de organismos mundiais, como o Pacto Global da ONU com Comprometimento Anticorrupção (23 ocorrências em 2019, aumento de 229%), além das políticas e normas internas (89 ocorrências em 2019, aumento de 162%), a fim de minimizar as práticas ilegais nas organizações. Essa categoria apresentou um avanço de 124%, o que indica que: a preocupação com o <italic>compliance</italic> ultrapassa a organização (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">Mendes &amp; Carvalho, 2017</xref>), há pressões externas que levam à sua adesão, com vista a proteger investidores e demais interessados, induzindo à conformidade com políticas e normas internas.</p>
			<p>De modo a prover explicações para a evolução na divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> das companhias analisadas, realizou-se a análise de setores e companhias com maior evolução nesse aspecto. Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>, é apresentada a análise de ocorrências relacionadas aos setores.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t2">
					<label>Tabela 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Ocorrências de Divulgação de Compliance por Setor</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col span="5"/>
							<col span="2"/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="center" rowspan="2">Setor</th>
								<th align="center" colspan="5">Quantidade de ocorrências </th>
								<th align="center" colspan="2">Média por Empresa </th>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<th align="center">2014</th>
								<th align="center">%</th>
								<th align="center">2019</th>
								<th align="center">%</th>
								<th align="center">Δ%</th>
								<th align="center">2014</th>
								<th align="center">2019</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Bens industriais</td>
								<td align="center">74</td>
								<td align="center">12,56%</td>
								<td align="center">278</td>
								<td align="center">23,99%</td>
								<td align="center">276%</td>
								<td align="center">4,63</td>
								<td align="center">17,38</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Comunicações</td>
								<td align="center">11</td>
								<td align="center">1,87%</td>
								<td align="center">12</td>
								<td align="center">1,04%</td>
								<td align="center">9%</td>
								<td align="center">11,00</td>
								<td align="center">12,00</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Consumo cíclico</td>
								<td align="center">168</td>
								<td align="center">28,52%</td>
								<td align="center">260</td>
								<td align="center">22,43%</td>
								<td align="center">55%</td>
								<td align="center">4,67</td>
								<td align="center">7,22</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Consumo não cíclico</td>
								<td align="center">80</td>
								<td align="center">13,58%</td>
								<td align="center">138</td>
								<td align="center">11,91%</td>
								<td align="center">73%</td>
								<td align="center">7,27</td>
								<td align="center">12,55</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Financeiro</td>
								<td align="center">99</td>
								<td align="center">16,81%</td>
								<td align="center">130</td>
								<td align="center">11,22%</td>
								<td align="center">31%</td>
								<td align="center">7,07</td>
								<td align="center">9,29</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Materiais básicos</td>
								<td align="center">8</td>
								<td align="center">1,36%</td>
								<td align="center">7</td>
								<td align="center">0,60%</td>
								<td align="center">-13%</td>
								<td align="center">2,00</td>
								<td align="center">1,75</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis</td>
								<td align="center">10</td>
								<td align="center">1,70%</td>
								<td align="center">65</td>
								<td align="center">5,61%</td>
								<td align="center">550%</td>
								<td align="center">2,50</td>
								<td align="center">16,25</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Saúde</td>
								<td align="center">25</td>
								<td align="center">4,24%</td>
								<td align="center">36</td>
								<td align="center">3,11%</td>
								<td align="center">44%</td>
								<td align="center">3,57</td>
								<td align="center">5,14</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Tecnologia da informação</td>
								<td align="center">24</td>
								<td align="center">4,07%</td>
								<td align="center">16</td>
								<td align="center">1,38%</td>
								<td align="center">-33%</td>
								<td align="center">8,00</td>
								<td align="center">5,33</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Utilidade pública</td>
								<td align="center">90</td>
								<td align="center">15,28%</td>
								<td align="center">217</td>
								<td align="center">18,72%</td>
								<td align="center">141%</td>
								<td align="center">11,25</td>
								<td align="center">27,13</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Total</td>
								<td align="center">589</td>
								<td align="center">100%</td>
								<td align="center">1159</td>
								<td align="center">100%</td>
								<td align="center">197%</td>
								<td align="center">5,66</td>
								<td align="center">11,13</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN2">
							<p>Fonte: Dados da pesquisa.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Conforme se observa na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>, a média de divulgação de temas de <italic>compliance</italic> por empresa saltou de 5,66 ocorrências, em 2014, para 11,13, em 2019. Dentre os setores que apresentaram variações positivas mais relevantes e contribuíram de forma mais significativa para essa oscilação entre os anos analisados, destacam-se: (i) bens industriais, (ii) petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis e (iii) utilidade. Na comparação entre os resultados de <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">Pavesi (2016</xref>) e da presente pesquisa, é possível corroborar a percepção de que, no período mais próximo do início da Operação Lava Jato, empresas do setor de utilidade pública apresentaram maior divulgação de elementos relacionados a <italic>compliance</italic>, o que acabou se acentuando no decorrer do evento. Apesar de o setor de petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis ter apresentado baixa evidenciação de <italic>compliance</italic> inicialmente, experimentou um aumento expressivo em 2019, deixando de ser um dos setores com menor divulgação, o que indica tratar-se de um desenvolvimento mais recente. Essas alterações de <italic>compliance</italic> nos dois anos observados indicam a relevância atribuída pelas companhias à divulgação da implementação de boas práticas corporativas que evitam desvios, buscando atender às expectativas dos <italic>stakeholders</italic> (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Fasterling, 2012</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">Sarhan &amp; Ntim, 2018</xref>).</p>
			<p>Em relação às empresas analisadas, o <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Apêndice 2</xref> contempla as ocorrências da divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> por companhia. De forma resumida, a <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> apresenta as principais ocorrências em cada ano, tanto em variação absoluta, quanto em variação percentual.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t3">
					<label>Tabela 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Principais ocorrências de Divulgação de Compliance por Companhia</title>
					</caption>
					<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="center">Companhia</th>
								<th align="center">2014</th>
								<th align="center">2019</th>
								<th align="center">Δ</th>
								<th align="center">Δ%</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">CCR SA</td>
								<td align="center">3</td>
								<td align="center">102</td>
								<td align="center">99</td>
								<td align="center">3400%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">EcoRodovias</td>
								<td align="center">0</td>
								<td align="center">54</td>
								<td align="center">54</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Engie Brasil</td>
								<td align="center">15</td>
								<td align="center">60</td>
								<td align="center">45</td>
								<td align="center">400%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Sabesp</td>
								<td align="center">33</td>
								<td align="center">77</td>
								<td align="center">44</td>
								<td align="center">233%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Ultrapar</td>
								<td align="center">2</td>
								<td align="center">53</td>
								<td align="center">51</td>
								<td align="center">2650%</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">Valid</td>
								<td align="center">1</td>
								<td align="center">46</td>
								<td align="center">45</td>
								<td align="center">4600%</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN3">
							<p>Fonte: Dados da pesquisa.</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>É interessante observar que, dentre as companhias destacadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>, três pertencem ao setor de bens industriais (CCR, EcoRodovias e Valid), duas pertencem ao setor de utilidade pública (Engie Brasil e Sabesp) e uma pertence ao setor de petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis (Ultrapar). Estes setores apresentam maior variação entre os anos analisados (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
			<p>A companhia CCR demonstrou relevância em três das quatro categorias com maior oscilação em termos gerais. As companhias Valid, Ultrapar e Engie Brasil destacaram-se em duas das principais categorias. A companhia EcoRodovias apresenta variação em uma das quatro principais categorias de divulgação. Já a Sabesp destaca-se por um aumento de elementos de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> disperso entre todas categorias. O resultado sugere que as entidades utilizaram diferentes estratégias de divulgação de informação, o que demonstra, independentemente da forma como o fizeram, a tentativa de melhorar a imagem corporativa diante dos acionistas e outras partes interessadas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Bravo, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Gibbins et al., 1990</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">Romito &amp; Vurro, 2021</xref>).</p>
			<p>Ao analisar os atributos das companhias elencadas, é possível identificar, primeiramente, que possuem em comum a regulação por agências específicas. As companhias CCR e EcoRodovias, que atuam em concessões rodoviárias no país, sofrem regulação de agências estaduais, como a Agência de Transporte do Estado de São Paulo (Artesp), Agência Reguladora de Transportes do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Agetransp) e Agência Reguladora do Paraná (Agepar). A Ultrapar, do ramo de exploração, refino e distribuição de combustíveis, é regulada pela Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP). A Valid atua no ramo de certificados digitais e é regulada pela Infraestrutura de Chaves Públicas Brasileira (ICP-Brasil). A Engie Brasil, empresa do ramo de energia elétrica, é regulada pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (Aneel). A Sabesp, que atua nas áreas de água e saneamento, sofre regulação da Agência Reguladora dos Serviços Públicos do Estado de São Paulo (Arsesp).</p>
			<p>Também é possível identificar, nesse conjunto, a forte presença de companhias que negociam com a Administração Pública, seja por meio de concessões (CCR, EcoRodovias, Engie Brasil e Sabesp) ou por meio do oferecimento de produtos e serviços (Valid), como informa a própria empresa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B66">Valid, 2021</xref>). Deduz-se, desse modo, que as companhias destacadas possuem um forte relacionamento com o poder público, seja por regulação ou por relações comerciais.</p>
			<p>É possível também observar que algumas das companhias em destaque sofreram, direta ou indiretamente, reflexos da Operação Lava Jato. No caso de denúncias diretas, verificam-se citações às companhias Sabesp (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">Leite &amp; Serapião, 2017</xref>), CCR, EcoRodovias (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B55">Rizério, 2018</xref>) e Engie Brasil, ex-Tractebel (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">Martins, 2017</xref>). Há que se considerar também reflexos indiretos, uma vez que houve denúncias direcionadas a acionistas. Isso ocorreu com a CCR, que tem como um dos principais acionistas as construtoras Andrade Gutierrez e Camargo Corrêa (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">CCR, 2021</xref>); e com a EcoRodovias, controlada pelo grupo CR Almeida (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Gazeta do Povo, 2015</xref>), também citado na Operação Lava Jato (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Antonelli, 2016</xref>).</p>
			<p>Essa constatação condiz com a declaração feita pela organização Transparência Internacional Brasil (2018) ao avaliar a transparência de relatórios corporativos das 100 maiores empresas e dos 10 maiores bancos brasileiros. De acordo com a organização, empresas investigadas ou condenadas em casos de corrupção, como os revelados pela Operação Lava Jato, demonstraram índices elevados de transparência em relatórios corporativos. Isso pode ser atribuído a investimentos maciços em divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic>, adotados como estratégia para atenuar prejuízos financeiros e de reputação e como resposta às pressões sociais em virtude do envolvimento em escândalos de corrupção.</p>
			<p>Os achados deste estudo indicam que companhias que apresentaram maior evolução na divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> em relatórios de administração durante o período Lava Jato estão, principalmente, em fase de reconfiguração de vantagem competitiva, de acordo com o exposto por <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">Melo (2019</xref>). Além disso, entende-se que a disseminação de <italic>compliance</italic> anticorrupção é empregada como um recurso estratégico de readequação visando à manutenção de competitividade no mercado, conforme apresentado por estudo de <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Blanc et al. (2019</xref>).</p>
			<p>Em suma, estes achados indicam um substancial aumento de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> nos relatórios de administração das companhias listadas no segmento Novo Mercado da B3 durante o período da Operação Lava Jato, especialmente a respeito de práticas de monitoramento e gestão de riscos. Essa evolução se deve, principalmente, à ampliação da divulgação dessas práticas por parte de companhias com forte relacionamento com o poder público, direta ou indiretamente afetadas pela Operação Lava Jato e/ou que estão em fase de reconfiguração quanto à vantagem competitiva transitória.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS</title>
			<p>Com o objetivo de fornecer subsídio aos <italic>stakeholders</italic> e motivar a transparência em relação ao <italic>compliance</italic> das organizações<italic>,</italic> este estudo investigou a evolução na divulgação de práticas de <italic>compliance</italic> por companhias abertas brasileiras no período de vigência da Operação Lava Jato. A análise realizada na presente investigação revelou que a divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> por companhias listadas no segmento Novo Mercado da B3 acentuou-se em 2019 comparativamente ao ano de 2014, apresentando um aumento de 97% nas ocorrências em relatórios de administração.</p>
			<p>As principais categorias de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> observadas durante o processo e análise foram: documentos corporativos para o <italic>compliance</italic>, áreas internas destinadas ao <italic>compliance</italic>, legislação e normas de <italic>compliance,</italic> programas e processos internos de <italic>compliance</italic>, cultura organizacional de <italic>compliance</italic> e política anticorrupção. À luz da Teoria da Divulgação, entende-se que as categorias em destaque - em especial as últimas quatro - exerceram um relevante papel na divulgação voluntária de <italic>compliance</italic> dessas entidades, conduzindo à busca por legitimidade ante o público externo no cenário nacional pós-Lava Jato.</p>
			<p>Ao explorar a variação do <italic>compliance</italic> por setor, verificou-se que, em relação ao crescimento de divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic>, destacaram-se os setores de bens industriais, petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis, e utilidade pública. Neles houve marcadamente uma preocupação especial com a divulgação dos processos de avaliação e mitigação de riscos. Isso revela a crescente importância atribuída pelas companhias de tais setores aos elementos de <italic>compliance</italic>, visto que estes não apenas diminuem os riscos de possíveis desvios de condutas empresariais, mas também sinalizam às partes interessadas o esforço da empresa em resguardar as boas condutas, visando à construção e manutenção da reputação e imagem corporativa perante o mercado.</p>
			<p>A análise das companhias isoladamente evidenciou uma maior ênfase na adesão ao <italic>compliance</italic> nas seguintes organizações: CCR, EcoRodovias, Ultrapar, Valid, Engie Brasil e Sabesp. Estas empresas transacionam diretamente com administração pública e estão sujeitas a intensa fiscalização por parte de agências reguladoras estaduais e federais. Na análise por organização, portanto, constata-se o cenário de pressões coercitivas a fim de garantir o cumprimento das exigências legais, na medida em que a relação direta com a esfera pública demanda uma maior adequação a processos e normas. Dessa forma, a divulgação referente ao <italic>compliance</italic> dessas companhias vai além de uma conformidade das ações. Todavia cabe ressaltar que, durante a análise, percebeu-se que, mesmo sendo o <italic>compliance</italic> um aspecto coercitivo, essas organizações valorizam essa condição em sua divulgação voluntária.</p>
			<p>Em termos de contribuições, este estudo identifica e discute, do ponto de vista teórico, o avanço na divulgação voluntária do <italic>compliance</italic> e sua manutenção pelas organizações após o evento Lava Jato e o sancionamento de leis visando à minimização da corrupção. Infere-se nos achados que situações no ambiente em que organizações atuam têm o poder de influenciar os demais atores ao exame dos relatórios da administração, incluindo informações oportunas, a fim de demonstrar sua preocupação com a reputação da empresa. Além disso, constata-se que pressões coercitivas de caráter governamental tendem a maximizar a adoção de práticas de <italic>compliance</italic>.</p>
			<p>Do ponto de vista prático, o estudo contribui ao identificar categorias de <italic>compliance</italic> que auxiliam na compreensão dos principais temas relacionados à temática e permite às organizações verificar pontos que ainda não são contemplados em sua governança, possibilitando-lhes desenvolver um programa de <italic>compliance</italic> mais efetivo e divulgar voluntariamente tais fatos em seus relatórios. O destaque das categorias auxilia não apenas os elaboradores dos relatórios da administração, mas também os agentes econômicos, tais como empresas, governos, auditores, acionistas, reguladores e investidores. Estes agentes buscam garantir que as empresas estejam em conformidade com as leis e regulamentos aplicáveis, bem como incentivam a boa governança corporativa. A evidenciação de <italic>compliance</italic> ajuda a garantir que as empresas estão cumprindo os requisitos legais e melhora sua transparência, aumentando, assim, a confiança dos investidores e reduzindo a percepção de risco. Portanto, com base nos resultados deste estudo, nota-se que as companhias utilizaram os relatórios de administração para oferecer resposta a diversos <italic>stakeholders</italic> que demonstraram uma maior preocupação com o <italic>compliance</italic> das empresas nacionais.</p>
			<p>O estudo colabora com os <italic>stakeholders</italic>, no aspecto social, destacando a divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> como elemento que visa aumentar a confiança e, consequentemente, beneficiar o mercado de capitais e a sociedade de várias maneiras. Por exemplo, a divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> pode aumentar a transparência dos mercados e a percepção de integridade dos preços dos títulos, permitindo que os investidores estejam informados no momento de tomar decisões acerca de onde investir. Além disso, sua efetiva aplicação pode auxiliar a reduzir os riscos relacionados à corrupção, à fraude e à manipulação de mercado, podendo resultar em maior confiança e liquidez nos mercados. Isso, por sua vez, ampliaria a oferta de fundos para financiar projetos de desenvolvimento econômico. Como resultado, o <italic>compliance</italic> contribui para criar condições favoráveis ao crescimento econômico. Os achados que revelam o aumento dessa divulgação pelas companhias apontam avanços nesse sentido.</p>
			<p>As categorias estabelecidas durante a leitura em profundidade estão sujeitas à interpretação do pesquisador no processo de análise, cujos resultados emergem da interação com o material textual, o que é uma limitação relacionada ao método escolhido para a investigação com base no paradigma epistemológico interpretativista. Todavia, entende-se que a metodologia empregada possibilitou a identificação de grupos de categorias de <italic>compliance</italic> que oportunizam futuras investigações.</p>
			<p>Desse modo, recomenda-se que os achados desta pesquisa sejam correlacionados com indicadores financeiros e não financeiros das companhias estudadas, de modo a avaliar o impacto da divulgação de <italic>compliance</italic> em seu desempenho e possíveis diferenças entre os grupos de categorias. Sugere-se o tratamento desses dados por meio de métodos quantitativos de análise e do paradigma positivista para buscar robustecer e generalizar os resultados. Recomenda-se, ainda, verificar as pressões institucionais que levaram as empresas à adoção do <italic>compliance</italic> e ao ajuste de seus relatórios. Como continuação do estudo, caberia a análise em profundidade das principais categorias evidenciadas e como elas podem impactar em vantagens competitivas para a organização, com base em uma maior amplitude de informações econômicas e financeiras.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ack>
			<title>AGRADECIMENTOS</title>
			<p> Este estudo foi financiado em parte pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - código de financiamento 001, Financiamento recebido pelos autores Henrique Adriano de Sousa e Gabriela de Abreu Passos.</p>
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		<fn-group>
			<title>DISPONIBILIDADE DE DADOS</title>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
				<label></label>
				<p>Todo o conjunto de dados que dá suporte aos resultados deste estudo foi publicado no próprio artigo.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<title>PARECERISTAS</title>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
				<label>8</label>
				<p>Rodrigo Tavares de Souza Barreto (Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa / PB - Brasil). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4885-9928</p>
			</fn>
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		<fn-group>
			<title>RELATÓRIO DE REVISÃO POR PARES</title>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn10">
				<label>10</label>
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			</fn>
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		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn9">
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			</fn>
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		<app-group>
			<app id="app1">
				<label>APÊNDICE 1</label>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t4">
						<label>Tabela A</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Categorias da Pesquisa e Ocorrências</title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col span="2"/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="center" colspan="2">Agrupamento</th>
									<th align="center">2014</th>
									<th align="center">%</th>
									<th align="center">2019</th>
									<th align="center">%</th>
									<th align="center">Δ%</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="center" colspan="2">Documentos Corporativos para o Compliance</td>
									<td align="center">89</td>
									<td align="center">3%</td>
									<td align="center">122</td>
									<td align="center">100,00%</td>
									<td align="center">37%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="left">Código de Conduta</td>
									<td align="center">16</td>
									<td align="center">0,61%</td>
									<td align="center">29</td>
									<td align="center">23,77%</td>
									<td align="center">81%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="left">Código de Ética</td>
									<td align="center">26</td>
									<td align="center">1,00%</td>
									<td align="center">40</td>
									<td align="center">32,79%</td>
									<td align="center">54%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="left">Estatuto Social</td>
									<td align="center">47</td>
									<td align="center">1,81%</td>
									<td align="center">37</td>
									<td align="center">30,33%</td>
									<td align="center">-21%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="left">Princípios e Cartilha de Integridade</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0,00%</td>
									<td align="center">16</td>
									<td align="center">13,11%</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center" colspan="2">Áreas internas destinados ao Compliance</td>
									<td align="center">180</td>
									<td align="center">7,38%</td>
									<td align="center">277</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">54%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="left">Comitê de <italic>Compliance</italic></td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0,04%</td>
									<td align="center">8</td>
									<td align="center">2,89%</td>
									<td align="center">700%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="left">Auditoria Interna</td>
									<td align="center">27</td>
									<td align="center">1,04%</td>
									<td align="center">84</td>
									<td align="center">30,32%</td>
									<td align="center">211%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="left">Controle Interno</td>
									<td align="center">23</td>
									<td align="center">0,88%</td>
									<td align="center">48</td>
									<td align="center">17,33%</td>
									<td align="center">109%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">8</td>
									<td align="left">Comitê de Auditoria</td>
									<td align="center">64</td>
									<td align="center">2,46%</td>
									<td align="center">82</td>
									<td align="center">29,60%</td>
									<td align="center">28%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="left">Comitê de Ética</td>
									<td align="center">14</td>
									<td align="center">1,00%</td>
									<td align="center">17</td>
									<td align="center">6,14%</td>
									<td align="center">21%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="left">Câmara de Arbitragem</td>
									<td align="center">50</td>
									<td align="center">1,92%</td>
									<td align="center">38</td>
									<td align="center">13,72%</td>
									<td align="center">-24%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">11</td>
									<td align="left">Área de <italic>Compliance</italic></td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0,04%</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0,00%</td>
									<td align="center">-100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center" colspan="2">Legislação e Normas de Compliance</td>
									<td align="center">72</td>
									<td align="center">2,77%</td>
									<td align="center">161</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">124%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">12</td>
									<td align="left">Conformidade com as Políticas e Normas Internas</td>
									<td align="center">34</td>
									<td align="center">1,31%</td>
									<td align="center">89</td>
									<td align="center">55,28%</td>
									<td align="center">162%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">13</td>
									<td align="left">Lei 12846/13</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">0,23%</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">6,21%</td>
									<td align="center">67%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">14</td>
									<td align="left">Conformidade com a Legislação</td>
									<td align="center">25</td>
									<td align="center">0,96%</td>
									<td align="center">39</td>
									<td align="center">24,22%</td>
									<td align="center">56%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">15</td>
									<td align="left">Pacto Global da ONU com Comprometimento Anticorrupção.</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">0,27%</td>
									<td align="center">23</td>
									<td align="center">14,29%</td>
									<td align="center">229%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center" colspan="2">Programas e Processos Internos de Compliance</td>
									<td align="center">169</td>
									<td align="center">6,48%</td>
									<td align="center">400</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">137%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">16</td>
									<td align="left">Revisão de Processos Internos</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">0,15%</td>
									<td align="center">24</td>
									<td align="center">6,00%</td>
									<td align="center">500%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">17</td>
									<td align="left">Programa de <italic>Compliance</italic></td>
									<td align="center">16</td>
									<td align="center">0,61%</td>
									<td align="center">67</td>
									<td align="center">16,75%</td>
									<td align="center">319%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">18</td>
									<td align="left">Processos de Avaliação e Mitigação de Riscos</td>
									<td align="center">111</td>
									<td align="center">4,26%</td>
									<td align="center">238</td>
									<td align="center">59,50%</td>
									<td align="center">114%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">19</td>
									<td align="left">Processos Éticos</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0,00%</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">0,75%</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">20</td>
									<td align="left">Programa de Ética</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0,00%</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">1,75%</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">21</td>
									<td align="left">Programa de Integridade</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0,00%</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">1,75%</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">22</td>
									<td align="left">Busca por Padrões de Integridade nos Processos</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">0,12%</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">1,00%</td>
									<td align="center">33%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">23</td>
									<td align="left">Avaliar Conflitos de Interesses</td>
									<td align="center">35</td>
									<td align="center">1,34%</td>
									<td align="center">48</td>
									<td align="center">12,00%</td>
									<td align="center">37%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">24</td>
									<td align="left"><italic>Compliance</italic> Tributário</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0,00%</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">0,50%</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center" colspan="2">Cultura Organizacional de Compliance</td>
									<td align="center">44</td>
									<td align="center">1,68%</td>
									<td align="center">108</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">145%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">25</td>
									<td align="left">Treinamento e Cultura de <italic>Compliance</italic></td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">0,38%</td>
									<td align="center">38</td>
									<td align="center">35,19%</td>
									<td align="center">280%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">26</td>
									<td align="left">Integridade da Organização</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0,04%</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">1,85%</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">27</td>
									<td align="left">Princípios Éticos</td>
									<td align="center">19</td>
									<td align="center">0,73%</td>
									<td align="center">30</td>
									<td align="center">27,78%</td>
									<td align="center">58%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">28</td>
									<td align="left">Cultura de <italic>Compliance</italic></td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">0,38%</td>
									<td align="center">15</td>
									<td align="center">13,89%</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">29</td>
									<td align="left">Cultura Ética</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0,00%</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0,93%</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">30</td>
									<td align="left">Presidência de <italic>Compliance</italic></td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0,00%</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">4,63%</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">31</td>
									<td align="left">Tratamento Ético</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0,00%</td>
									<td align="center">8</td>
									<td align="center">7,41%</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">32</td>
									<td align="left">Monitoria Externa de <italic>Compliance</italic></td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">0,15%</td>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="center">8,33%</td>
									<td align="center">125%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center" colspan="2">Política anticorrupção</td>
									<td align="center">35</td>
									<td align="center">1,35%</td>
									<td align="center">91</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">160%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">33</td>
									<td align="left">Canal de Denúncias</td>
									<td align="center">11</td>
									<td align="center">0,42%</td>
									<td align="center">32</td>
									<td align="center">35,16%</td>
									<td align="center">191%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">34</td>
									<td align="left">Combate à Corrupção, Suborno, Propina ou Pagamentos Facilitados</td>
									<td align="center">18</td>
									<td align="center">0,69%</td>
									<td align="center">46</td>
									<td align="center">50,55%</td>
									<td align="center">156%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">35</td>
									<td align="left">Due diligence</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">0,08%</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">4,40%</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">36</td>
									<td align="left">Controlar Transações com Agentes Públicos</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">0,08%</td>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="center">9,89%</td>
									<td align="center">350%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">37</td>
									<td align="left">Ouvidoria</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0,04%</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0,00%</td>
									<td align="center">-100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">38</td>
									<td align="left">Penalização por Condutas em Desacordo às Políticas da Organização</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
									<td align="center">-100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center" colspan="2">Total</td>
									<td align="center">589</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">1159</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">97%</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN4">
								<p>Fonte: Dados da pesquisa</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
			</app>
			<app id="app2">
				<label>APÊNDICE 2</label>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t5">
						<label>Tabela B</label>
						<caption>
							<title><bold>Ocorrências de Divulgação de <italic>Compliance</italic> por Companhia</bold></title>
						</caption>
						<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="center">Companhia</th>
									<th align="center">2014</th>
									<th align="center">2019</th>
									<th align="center">Δ</th>
									<th align="center">Δ%</th>
									<th align="center">Companhia</th>
									<th align="center">2014</th>
									<th align="center">2019</th>
									<th align="center">Δ</th>
									<th align="center">Δ%</th>
									<th align="center">Companhia</th>
									<th align="center">2014</th>
									<th align="center">2019</th>
									<th align="center">Δ</th>
									<th align="center">Δ%</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Alper S.A.</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-10</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
									<td align="left">Fleury</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">17</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">243%</td>
									<td align="left">Paranapanema</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">120%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Anima</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">Gafisa</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">175%</td>
									<td align="left">PDG Realt</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">200%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Arezzo Co</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">Generalshopp</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="left">Petrorio</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">-6</td>
									<td align="center">14%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">B2W Digital</td>
									<td align="center">16</td>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="center">-7</td>
									<td align="center">56%</td>
									<td align="left">Grendene</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">-4</td>
									<td align="center">43%</td>
									<td align="left">Pomifrutas</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-2</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">B3</td>
									<td align="center">31</td>
									<td align="center">22</td>
									<td align="center">-9</td>
									<td align="center">71%</td>
									<td align="left">Helbor</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="left">Porto Seguro</td>
									<td align="center">12</td>
									<td align="center">11</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">92%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">BBSeguridade</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">38</td>
									<td align="center">34</td>
									<td align="center">950%</td>
									<td align="left">Hypera</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">-2</td>
									<td align="center">71%</td>
									<td align="left">Portobello</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Biosev</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">Iguatemi</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="left">Positivo Tec</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">-4</td>
									<td align="center">33%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Br Brokers</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
									<td align="left">Inds Romi</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">Profarma</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Br Malls Par</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">13</td>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="center">325%</td>
									<td align="left">Iochp-Maxion</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="left">Qualicorp</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-6</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Br Propert</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="left">JBS</td>
									<td align="center">12</td>
									<td align="center">32</td>
									<td align="center">20</td>
									<td align="center">267%</td>
									<td align="left">Raiadrogasil</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Brasil</td>
									<td align="center">19</td>
									<td align="center">19</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="left">JHSF Part</td>
									<td align="center">23</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">-18</td>
									<td align="center">22%</td>
									<td align="left">RNI</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Brasilagro</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">JSL</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">233%</td>
									<td align="left">Rossi Resid</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-3</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">BRF SA</td>
									<td align="center">8</td>
									<td align="center">41</td>
									<td align="center">33</td>
									<td align="center">513%</td>
									<td align="left">Kroton</td>
									<td align="center">12</td>
									<td align="center">21</td>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="center">175%</td>
									<td align="left">Sabesp</td>
									<td align="center">33</td>
									<td align="center">77</td>
									<td align="center">44</td>
									<td align="center">233%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">CCR SA</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">102</td>
									<td align="center">99</td>
									<td align="center">3400%</td>
									<td align="left">Le Lis Blanc</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="left">São Carlos</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Cia Hering</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">24</td>
									<td align="center">24</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">Light S/A</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">-3</td>
									<td align="center">40%</td>
									<td align="left">Ser Educa</td>
									<td align="center">8</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">-3</td>
									<td align="center">63%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Cielo</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">16</td>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="center">229%</td>
									<td align="left">Linx</td>
									<td align="center">12</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">-10</td>
									<td align="center">17%</td>
									<td align="left">SLC Agrícola</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">13</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">433%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Copasa</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">24</td>
									<td align="center">14</td>
									<td align="center">240%</td>
									<td align="left">Localiza</td>
									<td align="center">22</td>
									<td align="center">61</td>
									<td align="center">39</td>
									<td align="center">277%</td>
									<td align="left">Smiles</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">CPFL Energia</td>
									<td align="center">16</td>
									<td align="center">15</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">94%</td>
									<td align="left">Locamerica</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">32</td>
									<td align="center">30</td>
									<td align="center">1600%</td>
									<td align="left">Springs</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">CPFL Renovav</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">75%</td>
									<td align="left">Log-In</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">Technos</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-3</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">CR2</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">200%</td>
									<td align="left">Lojas Marisa</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
									<td align="left">Tecnisa</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">15</td>
									<td align="center">15</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">CSU Cardsyst</td>
									<td align="center">20</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-20</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
									<td align="left">Lojas Renner</td>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="center">11</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">122%</td>
									<td align="left">Tegma</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">400%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Cyre Com-Ccp</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">75%</td>
									<td align="left">Lopes Brasil</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">150%</td>
									<td align="left">Terra Santa</td>
									<td align="center">15</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-15</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Cyrela Realt</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">200%</td>
									<td align="left">Lupatech</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">Tim Part S/A</td>
									<td align="center">11</td>
									<td align="center">12</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">109%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Direcional</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">M.Diasbranco</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">14</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">350%</td>
									<td align="left">Time For Fun</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Duratex</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">Magaz Luiza</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">300%</td>
									<td align="left">Totvs</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">12</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">200%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Ecorodovias</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">54</td>
									<td align="center">54</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">Marfrig</td>
									<td align="center">12</td>
									<td align="center">26</td>
									<td align="center">14</td>
									<td align="center">217%</td>
									<td align="left">Trisul</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Embraer</td>
									<td align="center">38</td>
									<td align="center">36</td>
									<td align="center">-2</td>
									<td align="center">95%</td>
									<td align="left">Metal Leve</td>
									<td align="center">14</td>
									<td align="center">20</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">143%</td>
									<td align="left">Triunfo Part</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Enauta Part</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">11</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">1100%</td>
									<td align="left">Metalfrio</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="left">Tupy</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">17</td>
									<td align="center">17</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Energias Br</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">31</td>
									<td align="center">25</td>
									<td align="center">517%</td>
									<td align="left">Mills</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">6</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="left">Ultrapar</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">53</td>
									<td align="center">51</td>
									<td align="center">2650%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Eneva</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">500%</td>
									<td align="left">Minerva</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="left">Unicasa</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">200%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Engie Brasil</td>
									<td align="center">15</td>
									<td align="center">60</td>
									<td align="center">45</td>
									<td align="center">400%</td>
									<td align="center">Mmx Miner</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
									<td align="center">Valid</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">46</td>
									<td align="center">45</td>
									<td align="center">4600%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Eternit</td>
									<td align="center">5</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">80%</td>
									<td align="center">MRV</td>
									<td align="center">4</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">75%</td>
									<td align="center">Viver</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Even</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">Natura</td>
									<td align="center">22</td>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="center">-13</td>
									<td align="center">41%</td>
									<td align="center">Weg</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Eztec</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">Odontoprev</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">-2</td>
									<td align="center">0%</td>
									<td align="center">Yduqs Part</td>
									<td align="center">13</td>
									<td align="center">12</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">92%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Fer Heringer</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">-1</td>
									<td align="center">50%</td>
									<td align="center">Ourofino S/A</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="center">9</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">Total</td>
									<td align="center">589</td>
									<td align="center">1159</td>
									<td align="center">570</td>
									<td align="center">197%</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN5">
								<p>Fonte: Dados da pesquisa</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
			</app>
		</app-group>
	</back>
	<!--<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1679-395120230041x</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Article</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Evolution in compliance disclosure by Brazilian listed companies during the corruption investigation “Operation <italic>Lava Jato</italic> (Car Wash)”</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7740-3946</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sousa</surname>
						<given-names>Henrique Adriano de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
					<role>Conceptualization (Lead)</role>
					<role>Data curation (Lead)</role>
					<role>Formal Analysis (Equal)</role>
					<role>Funding acquisition (Equal)</role>
					<role>Investigation (Lead)</role>
					<role>Methodology (Lead)</role>
					<role>Project administration (Lead)</role>
					<role>Validation (Equal)</role>
					<role>Writing - original draft (Lead)</role>
					<role>Writing - review &amp; editing (Supporting)</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0165-3615</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Passos</surname>
						<given-names>Gabriela de Abreu</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
					<role>Conceptualization (Supporting)</role>
					<role> Data curation (Supporting)</role>
					<role> Formal Analysis (Equal)</role>
					<role> Funding acquisition (Equal)</role>
					<role> Investigation (Equal)</role>
					<role> Methodology (Supporting)</role>
					<role> Project administration (Supporting)</role>
					<role> Validation (Equal)</role>
					<role> Writing - original draft (Equal)</role>
					<role>Writing - review &amp; editing (Equal)</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9097-2481</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Portulhak</surname>
						<given-names>Henrique</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
					<role>Conceptualization (Supporting)</role>
					<role> Data curation (Lead)</role>
					<role> Formal Analysis (Equal)</role>
					<role> Investigation (Supporting)</role>
					<role> Methodology (Supporting)</role>
					<role> Project administration (Supporting)</role>
					<role> Validation (Supporting)</role>
					<role> Writing - original draft (Equal)</role>
					<role> Writing - review &amp; editing (Equal)</role>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<name>
						<surname>Azevedo</surname>
						<given-names>Sayuri Unoki de</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">1</xref>
					<role>0000-0001-9676-9938</role>
					<role>Conceptualization (Equal)</role>
					<role>Data curation (Supporting)</role>
					<role>Formal Analysis (Supporting)</role>
					<role>Investigation (Supporting)</role>
					<role>Methodology (Supporting)</role>
					<role>Project administration (Supporting)</role>
					<role>Validation (Supporting)</role>
					<role>Writing - original draft (Equal)</role>
					<role>Writing - review &amp; editing (Lead)</role>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff2">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba - PR, Brazil</institution>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn11">
					<p>Henrique Adriano de Sousa - Ph.D. Candidate and Master in Accounting from the Graduate Program in Accounting at the Federal University of Paraná (PPGCONT-UFPR); Professor in the Department of Administration and Accounting Sciences at the Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR). E-mail: henriqueadrianodesousa@gmail.com</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn12">
					<p>Gabriela de Abreu Passos - Ph.D. Candidate and Master in Accounting from the Graduate Program in Accounting at the Federal University of Paraná (PPGCONT-UFPR); Professor in the Department of Accounting Sciences at the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG). E-mail: gabriela.abreu.passos@gmail.com</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn13">
					<p>Henrique Portulhak - Ph.D. in Accounting from the Graduate Program in Accounting at the Federal University of Paraná (PPGCONT-UFPR); Professor in the Graduate Program in Accounting at the Federal University of Paraná (PPGCONT-UFPR). E-mail: henrique.portulhak@ufpr.br</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn14">
					<p>Sayuri Unoki de Azevedo - Ph.D. in Controllership and Accounting from the Faculty of Economics, Administration, Accounting, and Actuarial Sciences at the University of São Paulo (FEA/USP); Professor in the Graduate Program in Accounting at the Federal University of Paraná (PPGCONT-UFPR). E-mail: sayuri.unoki@gmail.com</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by" id="fn17">
					<p>Hélio Arthur Reis Irigaray (Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro / RJ - Brazil). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9580-7859</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="edited-by" id="fn18">
					<p>Fabricio Stocker (Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro / RJ - Brazil). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6340-9127</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<p>This study investigates the evolution of compliance disclosure by Brazilian public companies in the context of Operation <italic>Lava Jato</italic> (Car Wash), comparing the opening year and the last year of its protagonism. Using the interpretive paradigm, the Management Reports of 2014 and 2019 of 104 companies listed in the New Market segment of B3 were analyzed through the content analysis technique. The findings indicated a substantial increase in compliance disclosure in the analyzed companies, mainly in categories such as Anti-corruption Policy, Compliance Organizational Culture, Internal Compliance Programs and Processes, and Compliance Legislation and Standards. It was revealed that the disclosure of Monitoring and Risk Management Practices played a relevant role in the voluntary disclosure practices of these entities. The increased compliance disclosure by companies with a strong relationship with the Public Power suggests that coercive pressures of a government nature tend to maximize the adoption of compliance practices and disclosure. The findings contribute from a theoretical perspective by identifying the progress in voluntary compliance disclosure as a response strategy to institutional pressures, especially in companies exposed to coercive governmental pressures. From a practical viewpoint, it contributes by revealing the compliance categories emphasized in the disclosures by Brazilian companies, helping corporate report developers, and informing other economic agents. On a social level, the increased compliance disclosure points to progress in creating conditions that seek to increase confidence among economic agents, thus favoring economic growth.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords:</title>
				<kwd>Compliance</kwd>
				<kwd>Anti-Corruption Practices</kwd>
				<kwd>New Market</kwd>
				<kwd>Corporate Governance</kwd>
				<kwd>Disclosure</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>INTRODUCTION</title>
				<p>Compliance is commonly understood as the set of programs or compliance mechanisms used by organizations to guide, prevent, and detect fraudulent, criminal, and illegal behaviors. It also aims to foster an organizational culture focused on compliance with ethical norms and criteria (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">Chang, 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">Ragazzo, 2018</xref>). Compliance goes beyond auditing and risk management, encompassing employee training and the creation of an organizational culture oriented toward conformity, ensuring that all members of the organization are aware of and adhere to established norms (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">Porta, 2011</xref>).</p>
				<p>Due to its alignment with the culture, norms, and values required by the institutional environment, compliance orientation leads to the development of internal mechanisms that enhance organizational legitimacy, creating reputational values in favor of the organization (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Burdon &amp; Sorour, 2020</xref>).</p>
				<p>The lack of compliance mechanisms opens the door to illegal practices. Therefore, the topic has received increasing attention from the legislative sector in Brazil, evident in regulations aimed at preventing corruption by entities, such as the Law of Administrative Misconduct, the General Law on Bidding and Contracts, the Law of Access to Information, the criminalization of international corruption in the Penal Code, the Anti-Corruption Law, and the State-Owned Enterprises Law (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">Mendes &amp; Carvalho, 2017</xref>). Additionally, recognizing the relationship between compliance and organizational reputation, the legislator provides for reputational sanctions in Article 19, II, of Decree 11,129 (Decreto nº 11.129, 2022) for legal entities held responsible for acts against public administration, executed through an extraordinary publication of the sanctioning administrative decision.</p>
				<p>The ‘compliance’ theme gained prominence in the country after recent corporate corruption scandals, especially with the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> (Car Wash) Operation (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">Ragazzo, 2018</xref>). Initiated in 2014, it revealed the involvement of prominent companies in the national scene in illicit practices, such as Petrobrás, Odebrecht, Camargo Corrêa, and Andrade Gutierrez. According to the mentioned study, the <italic>‘Lava Jato’</italic> event drew companies’ attention to developing more robust compliance programs to prevent and/or detect such deviations.</p>
				<p>Considered one of the means of preventing and combating illicit cases, compliance is a requirement for good corporate governance (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">Silveira, 2002</xref>). Therefore, organizations such as the Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance (IBGC), B3 (Brazilian stock exchange), and the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) have encouraged publicly traded companies to adopt compliance programs through recommendations of best practices. However, Brazil is still perceived as a country with a high corruption index. In the latest ranking released by Transparency International, Brazil ranks 94<sup>th</sup> out of 180 countries, with a score of 38 on a scale of 0 to 100, where a higher score indicates a higher perception of the country’s integrity (Transparency International, 2021).</p>
				<p>Faced with pressures, organizations shape their internal mechanisms to align with external requirements (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">Durand et al., 2019</xref>). Companies face legal and social pressures to implement anti-corruption practices (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Bahoo et al., 2020</xref>), especially during periods when fraud and corruption cases are uncovered (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Castro et al., 2020</xref>). Environmental pressures prompt a strategic response from companies to demonstrate social conformity (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45">Oliver, 1991</xref>). Thus, companies may be compelled to voluntarily disclose their adherence to compliance standards to gain legitimacy with the external public due to institutional pressures (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">Öge, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">Sarhan &amp; Ntim, 2018</xref>). In this scenario, it is assumed that the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation, in addition to its social and legislative consequences, exerted pressures on companies to increase compliance disclosure to gain legitimacy among their stakeholders on the national stage.</p>
				<p>In light of the above, this study investigated the evolution of compliance disclosure by Brazilian publicly traded companies in the context of <italic>Lava Jato</italic>, comparing the initial year and the last year of the operation’s prominence. Specifically, the research identified the categories of compliance disclosure that showed the most evolution during the period, as well as the sectors and companies that made the most progress in this regard, aiming to understand the reasons for changes in the disclosure pattern.</p>
				<p>Recent studies have been conducted on Brazilian companies focusing on compliance and corruption-related topics. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">Pavesi (2016</xref>) assessed anti-corruption disclosure practices of publicly traded companies in the B3 <italic>Novo Mercado</italic> listing segment, based on data collected in 2015 and 2016. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">Melo (2019</xref>) evaluated the levels of disclosure of anti-corruption compliance practices and their relationship with the phases of transient competitive advantage of listed companies in the B3 <italic>Novo Mercado</italic> listing segment, based on data from the 2017 fiscal year. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Carraro (2020</xref>) developed a transparency index for compliance programs and assessed the transparency of these programs in Brazilian financial sector companies based on data collected in 2019.</p>
				<p>This research advances by investigating the characteristics of compliance disclosure by publicly traded companies listed on the B3 <italic>Novo Mercado</italic> segment, by not being limited to evaluating anti-corruption practices and making a comparison of this disclosure between 2014 and 2019. Thus, this investigation allows evaluating the evolution in compliance disclosure characteristics during the period of the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation, a significant event that drew the attention of companies and Brazilian society to this issue.</p>
				<p>Corruption negatively impacts the economic development of countries, often deterring foreign direct investments due to increased perceptions of political and economic risks and the direct and indirect costs associated with corruption (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Doh et al., 2003</xref>). In this vein, corruption is associated with higher volatility in the capital markets of emerging countries (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Zhang, 2012</xref>), higher cost of capital, devaluation of stocks, and poor corporate governance (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">Ng, 2006</xref>). In Brazil, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">Padula and Albuquerque (2018</xref>) identified negative effects on the value of Brazilian state-owned companies due to expose of corruption networks by the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation, indicating a flight of financial resources and a decline in economic growth.</p>
				<p>For this reason, studies discussing compliance in companies are socially relevant, as increased transparency and the fight against corruption are necessary steps for the development of emerging countries (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">Zhang, 2012</xref>). According to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">Padula and Albuquerque (2018</xref>), it is essential to restore Brazil’s credibility in the face of corruption schemes revealed by the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation, as compliance policies are seen as tools to reduce perceived risk by investors and a consequent capital flight.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>REVIEW OF LITERATURE</title>
				<p>In the 1980s, with the studies of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B67">Verrecchia (1983</xref>) and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Dye (1985</xref>), an approach in accounting research known as Disclosure Theory began to consolidate. In this area of investigation, the aim is to examine the determinants and effects of corporate information disclosures (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">Enache &amp; Hussainey, 2020</xref>). The dissemination of information can occur either compulsorily, through legal force, or voluntarily; the latter aspect is the most focused on in the Disclosure Theory, as emphasized by Dye (2001). Behind the disclosure, there is the corporation’s premise of obtaining direct and indirect benefits (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">Park et al., 2019</xref>), guiding the decision regarding the type and quantity of information that will be conveyed to the market.</p>
				<p>It is noteworthy that voluntary information is related to the discretion of managerial disclosure (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">Hesarzadeh et al., 2020</xref>). Therefore, the choice to withhold or publish information about the company depends on a series of determinants involved in the motivations of administrators when taking such action (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Baik et al., 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B67">Verrecchia, 1983</xref>). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B61">Shou et al. (2022</xref>) comment that executives consider aspects of return for the company in both the short and long-term concerning the informational needs of different stakeholders. Despite possible conflicts regarding disclosure drivers over time, the purpose is to enhance the organization’s market image, thereby achieving profitability.</p>
				<p>This position aligns with one of the points explained by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Gibbins et al. (1990</xref>) that voluntary disclosure is centrally linked to corporate credibility and influences the building and maintenance of corporate reputation. The pursuit of reputation is considered a driver for the disclosure of corporate information (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Bravo, 2016</xref>). Corporate reputation is related to the collective perception of past corporate actions and expectations regarding the company’s ability to meet the interests of stakeholders (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">Pérez-Cornejo et al., 2019</xref>). At high levels, corporate reputation can bring benefits to the organization, such as a reduced risk of bankruptcy (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">Góis et al., 2020</xref>), improved financial and operational performance (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B69">Weng &amp; Chen, 2017</xref>), and an increase in the company’s value (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B68">Wei et al., 2017</xref>).</p>
				<p>The disclosure of information plays a crucial role in reducing information asymmetry between executives and stakeholders (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Healy &amp; Palepu, 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">Romito &amp; Vurro, 2021</xref>). This reduction in information asymmetry helps mitigate agency conflicts, as there is greater equality of information among different parts of the company, making opportunistic behaviors of administrators more challenging (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">García-Sánchez &amp; Noguera-Gámez, 2017</xref>). According to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">Nagar and Schoenfeld (2021</xref>), in the agency relationship, disclosures assist in monitoring management, allowing shareholders to demand changes and contractual sanctions in the case of unsatisfactory performance and/or expropriation. As demonstrated by the authors, the market reacts positively when shareholder agreements include rights to private information from the administration. This underscores the relevance attributed by market agents to corporate disclosures.</p>
				<p>Furthermore, the content disclosed by companies expresses agreement with the expectations of stakeholders and legal and regulatory aspects (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">Sarhan &amp; Ntim, 2018</xref>). This conformity is commonly known as compliance and should include measures aimed at guiding, preventing, and detecting fraudulent, criminal, and illegal behaviors within an organization. This is achieved through a set of compliance programs or mechanisms directed at adhering to ethical standards and criteria (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">Clamer, 2018</xref>).</p>
				<p>Compliance seeks to strengthen internal controls and protection, serving as an auxiliary mechanism in risk management and forming the foundation for guiding corporate practices (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Aguilar et al., 2021</xref>). Implementing compliance-oriented management expresses a commitment to the continuous improvement of corporate behavior by complying with mandatory elements and implementing best practices to prevent voluntary misconduct (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Fasterling, 2012</xref>). Despite its role in fraud detection and prevention, compliance goes beyond that, becoming an internal element that positively impacts the reputation and legitimacy of organizations (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Burdon &amp; Sorour, 2020</xref>).</p>
				<p>Thus, the administration of an organization that adheres to compliance creates an organizational culture that enables the early identification of unethical practices through collaborative mechanisms, favoring the prevention of such behaviors (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">Ragazzo, 2018</xref>). <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">Chang (2018</xref>) notes that compliance involves different principles, such as ethical standards for the administration and employees of the organization, composition and operation of boards, disclosure of financial and non-financial information, remuneration of directors and executives, risk management, auditing, shareholder relations, and respect for the interests of stakeholders. To fulfill these elements, management must develop a set of mechanisms that ensure the continuity and maintenance of compliance (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B59">Santana &amp; Silva, 2020</xref>).</p>
				<p>The implementation of a compliance-oriented culture has noticeable effects on combating corruption within organizations (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Blanc et al., 2019</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">Damania et al., 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">Öge, 2016</xref>). According to Damania et al. (2004), there is a negative relationship between corruption and compliance, as the decrease in the former is caused by the increase in the latter. The implementation of compliance mechanisms has implications beyond control and compliance, as it successfully prevents corrupt practices by instilling fear in professionals who do not believe in the effectiveness of anti-corruption actions, dreading discovery and punishment (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">Hauser, 2019</xref>). However, Öge (2016) emphasizes that, for compliance policies to be effective, they must be disclosed, preserving the good practice of transparency in corporate actions. According to the author, the disclosure of compliance assists shareholders in making investment decisions, also contributing to monitoring the behavior of company leaders by market agents as a way to inhibit unethical practices.</p>
				<p>According to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Batory (2012</xref>), since corrupt actions occur privately among some individuals in the organization, constant disclosure of compliance actions is appropriate to deter potential corrupt schemes. It is worth noting that compliance management acts preventively, as corruption brings losses to the company, primarily related to its reputation (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Fasterling, 2012</xref>; Öge, 2016). Additionally, the discovery of corrupt practices leads the organization to expend time and resources to mitigate the severity of impacts on the market (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B62">Shrives &amp; Brennan, 2017</xref>). Thus, publications on compliance can be seen as a firm’s dissemination strategy to influence stakeholders’ perception of its conduct, demonstrating consistency with what is expected of the company (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Blanc et al., 2019</xref>).</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="methods">
				<title>PROCEDURES AND METHODOLOGY</title>
				<p>This investigation adopts an interpretative epistemological paradigm, characterized by a broader approach and the construction of models where findings result from interaction with collected data (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Blaikie, 2010</xref>).</p>
				<p>The research focuses on comparing compliance disclosures in the year the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> operation began and its last prominent year. The year 2014 was chosen because it marked the start of the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation and the enactment of Law No. 12,846 (Lei nº 12.486, 2013), holding legal entities accountable for illicit acts against public administration (Lei nº 12.486, 2013). The choice of 2019 is justified as it is the year before the COVID-19 pandemic, an extreme situation that significantly influenced corporate disclosure behavior from 2020 onwards (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">Larcker et al., 2020</xref>). This decision is also influenced by the fact that, in 2020, the Law on Abuse of Authority (Lei nº 13.869, 2019) came into effect, seen as detrimental to anti-corruption efforts in the country and potentially weakening actions like those promoted by <italic>Lava Jato</italic> (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2019; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B54">Ramalhoso, 2019</xref>). Therefore, the research question’s response is facilitated by analyzing more precise and relevant time demarcations, rather than an analysis for each year of the operation’s duration.</p>
				<p>Companies listed on the B3 <italic>Novo Mercado</italic> segment must adhere to specific compliance requirements (B3, 2021). In similar studies, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">Pavesi (2016</xref>) and <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">Melo (2019</xref>) analyzed <italic>Novo Mercado</italic> companies, finding that this segment has the highest level of corporate governance and the obligation to “[...] implement compliance functions, internal controls, and corporate risk” (Melo, 2019, p. 51). Thus, in line with Pavesi (2016) and Melo (2019), companies listed on the B3 <italic>Novo Mercado</italic> segment during the investigation period were analyzed. It was considered that these companies are homogeneous in terms of disclosure requirements and have a higher number of compliance requirements to be met, allowing for a comparison with the results of the mentioned studies.</p>
				<p>Based on this selection, companies were chosen according to the following criteria: listed on the <italic>Novo Mercado</italic> segment in both 2014 and 2019 simultaneously, and the availability of the management report. In the two years analyzed, 110 companies were listed in this segment. However, as six of these did not have a management report at the time of data collection, 104 companies constituted the analysis corpus for this study.</p>
				<p>The research employed a qualitative approach, complemented by a quantitative approach. The initial application of a qualitative approach is based on <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B57">Saccol (2009</xref>), who states that adopting an interpretative paradigm leads to the use of qualitative research methods. According to Denzin and Lincoln (Transparency), qualitative research seeks to clarify a phenomenon through interpretative practices, adopting a broad approach that develops throughout the investigation.</p>
				<p>The qualitative stage began with the interpretation of meanings using content analysis techniques and thematic categorization of data. Identification of compliance categories was based on in-depth reading of the management reports of the studied companies. This involved exploring the material, treating the results through inference and interpretation, and following systematic procedures inherent to content analysis and related to message production conditions (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B58">Saldaña, 2015</xref>). As a result, compliance disclosure categories and their respective frequencies were formed.</p>
				<p>Qualitative interpretive research, according to <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B57">Saccol (2009</xref>, p. 254), “[...] may occasionally use qualitative research methods and techniques as aids or complements to a broader qualitative study.” Therefore, regarding quantitative analysis, to explain the evolution of compliance disclosure in the analyzed companies, an analysis of categories, sectors, and companies with greater evolution in this aspect was conducted contrasting 2014 and 2019.</p>
				<p>The procedure was as follows: (i) analysis of the variation in occurrences of compliance disclosure by categories; (ii) analysis of the variation in occurrences of compliance disclosure by sector; (iii) analysis of categories with the most variation in sectors with the highest variation in compliance disclosure; (iv) analysis of the variation in occurrences of compliance disclosure by company; (v) analysis of categories with the most variation in companies with the highest variation in compliance disclosure.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION</title>
				<p>To carry out the analysis, we initially sought to identify compliance disclosure codes that showed the most progress during the period. To do so, a thorough reading of the management reports of the companies that constituted the analysis corpus was conducted. Through a qualitative approach, data emerged that, throughout the process, led to the identification of 38 codes (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Appendix 1</xref>) related to compliance disclosure, confirmed in accordance with legal correspondences and literature (Decreto nº 8.420, 2015; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Figueiredo, 2015</xref>; Instrução CVM 480, 2009; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">Pinheiro &amp; Alves, 2017</xref>). These codes were grouped into six compliance categories, as outlined in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Table 1</xref>. Each identified category covers the main aspects addressed by the analyzed companies.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t6">
						<label>Table 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Compliance Categories</title>
						</caption>
						<table>
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="center">Group</th>
									<th align="center">2014</th>
									<th align="center">%</th>
									<th align="center">2019</th>
									<th align="center">%</th>
									<th align="center">Δ%</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Anti-corruption policy</td>
									<td align="center">35</td>
									<td align="center">6%</td>
									<td align="center">91</td>
									<td align="center">8%</td>
									<td align="center">160%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Compliance company culture</td>
									<td align="center">44</td>
									<td align="center">7%</td>
									<td align="center">108</td>
									<td align="center">9%</td>
									<td align="center">145%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Compliance internal programs and processes</td>
									<td align="center">169</td>
									<td align="center">29%</td>
									<td align="center">400</td>
									<td align="center">35%</td>
									<td align="center">137%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Compliance norms and legislation</td>
									<td align="center">72</td>
									<td align="center">12%</td>
									<td align="center">161</td>
									<td align="center">14%</td>
									<td align="center">124%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Internal areas dedicated to compliance</td>
									<td align="center">180</td>
									<td align="center">31%</td>
									<td align="center">277</td>
									<td align="center">24%</td>
									<td align="center">56%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Compliance corporate documents</td>
									<td align="center">89</td>
									<td align="center">15%</td>
									<td align="center">122</td>
									<td align="center">11%</td>
									<td align="center">37%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Total/Δ</td>
									<td align="center">589</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">1159</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">97%</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN6">
								<p>Source: Research data.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>In general terms, there was a 97% increase in the occurrence of themes related to compliance in the management reports of the analyzed companies in the year 2019 compared to 2014. It is observed that the variation between the analyzed years and the absolute quantity of occurrences per category was mainly due to the expansion in the approach to anti-corruption policy; organizational culture of compliance; internal compliance programs and processes; and compliance legislation and standards.</p>
				<p>The ‘anti-corruption policy’ category showed a growth of 160% during the period. It encompasses organizational mechanisms implemented to detect and prevent corruption practices, not only internally but also in relations with external agents. Among these mechanisms, Reporting Channelsbr (32 occurrences in 2019, representing an increase of 191%) and Anti-Corruption, Bribery, Kickbacks, or Facilitation Payments Programs codes (with 46 occurrences and an increase of 156%) stood out. This category is observed in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Blanc et al. (2019</xref>), which points out that advances in anti-corruption policies inhibit harmful practices to the organization and demonstrate concern for stakeholders.</p>
				<p>Next, organizational culture of compliance and internal compliance programs and processes complement each other. There advanced 145% and 137% in their disclosure, respectively. The first category consists mainly of internal mechanisms related to the organization, related to Ethical Principles (30 occurrences in 2019, indicating an increase of 58%) and Training and Compliance Culture codes (38 occurrences in 2019, an increase of 280%). The second is based on formal mechanisms and internal processes, such as Risk Assessment and Mitigation Processes (238 occurrences in 2019, an increase of 59.5%) and Compliance Program (67 occurrences in 2019, an increase of 319%). Thus, the disclosure of formal and cultural directions is notable, indicating the organization’s concern not only with organizational practices but also with promoting a culture of compliance (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">Clamer, 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">Porta, 2011</xref>).</p>
				<p>The ‘legislation and compliance standards’ category includes codes related to national legal aspects (39 occurrences in 2019, representing an increase of 56%), pressures from global organizations, such as the UN Global Compact with Anti-Corruption Commitment (23 occurrences in 2019, an increase of 229%), in addition to internal policies and standards (89 occurrences in 2019, an increase of 162%), aiming to minimize illegal practices in organizations. This category showed an advance of 124%, indicating that the concern for compliance goes beyond the organization (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">Mendes &amp; Carvalho, 2017</xref>) and that there are external pressures that lead to its adoption, aiming to protect investors and other stakeholders, thus inducing compliance with internal policies and standards.</p>
				<p>In order to provide explanations for the evolution in the disclosure of compliance by the analyzed companies, an analysis of sectors and companies with the greatest evolution in this aspect was conducted. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Table 2</xref> presents the analysis of occurrences related to sectors.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t7">
						<label>Table 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Occurrences of Compliance Disclosure by Sector</title>
						</caption>
						<table>
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col span="5"/>
								<col span="2"/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="center" rowspan="2">Sector</th>
									<th align="center" colspan="5">Quantity of Occurrences </th>
									<th align="center" colspan="2">Average per Company </th>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<th align="center">2014</th>
									<th align="center">%</th>
									<th align="center">2019</th>
									<th align="center">%</th>
									<th align="center">Δ%</th>
									<th align="center">2014</th>
									<th align="center">2019</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Industrialized goods</td>
									<td align="center">74</td>
									<td align="center">12,56%</td>
									<td align="center">278</td>
									<td align="center">23,99%</td>
									<td align="center">276%</td>
									<td align="center">4,63</td>
									<td align="center">17,38</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Communication</td>
									<td align="center">11</td>
									<td align="center">1,87%</td>
									<td align="center">12</td>
									<td align="center">1,04%</td>
									<td align="center">9%</td>
									<td align="center">11,00</td>
									<td align="center">12,00</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Consumer Cyclicals</td>
									<td align="center">168</td>
									<td align="center">28,52%</td>
									<td align="center">260</td>
									<td align="center">22,43%</td>
									<td align="center">55%</td>
									<td align="center">4,67</td>
									<td align="center">7,22</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Consumer Non-cyclicals</td>
									<td align="center">80</td>
									<td align="center">13,58%</td>
									<td align="center">138</td>
									<td align="center">11,91%</td>
									<td align="center">73%</td>
									<td align="center">7,27</td>
									<td align="center">12,55</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Finance</td>
									<td align="center">99</td>
									<td align="center">16,81%</td>
									<td align="center">130</td>
									<td align="center">11,22%</td>
									<td align="center">31%</td>
									<td align="center">7,07</td>
									<td align="center">9,29</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Basic goods</td>
									<td align="center">8</td>
									<td align="center">1,36%</td>
									<td align="center">7</td>
									<td align="center">0,60%</td>
									<td align="center">-13%</td>
									<td align="center">2,00</td>
									<td align="center">1,75</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Oil, gas and biofuel</td>
									<td align="center">10</td>
									<td align="center">1,70%</td>
									<td align="center">65</td>
									<td align="center">5,61%</td>
									<td align="center">550%</td>
									<td align="center">2,50</td>
									<td align="center">16,25</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Health</td>
									<td align="center">25</td>
									<td align="center">4,24%</td>
									<td align="center">36</td>
									<td align="center">3,11%</td>
									<td align="center">44%</td>
									<td align="center">3,57</td>
									<td align="center">5,14</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Information technology</td>
									<td align="center">24</td>
									<td align="center">4,07%</td>
									<td align="center">16</td>
									<td align="center">1,38%</td>
									<td align="center">-33%</td>
									<td align="center">8,00</td>
									<td align="center">5,33</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Utilities</td>
									<td align="center">90</td>
									<td align="center">15,28%</td>
									<td align="center">217</td>
									<td align="center">18,72%</td>
									<td align="center">141%</td>
									<td align="center">11,25</td>
									<td align="center">27,13</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Total</td>
									<td align="center">589</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">1159</td>
									<td align="center">100%</td>
									<td align="center">197%</td>
									<td align="center">5,66</td>
									<td align="center">11,13</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN7">
								<p>Source: research data.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>As <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Table 2</xref> shows, the average disclosure of compliance themes per company jumped from 5.66 occurrences in 2014 to 11.13 in 2019. Among the sectors that showed the most relevant positive variations and contributed more significantly to this fluctuation between the years analyzed are: (i) industrialized goods, (ii) oil, gas, and biofuels, and (iii) utilities. Comparing with the results of <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">Pavesi (2016</xref>), it is possible to corroborate the perception that, in the period closer to the beginning of <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation, companies in the utilities sector had a higher disclosure of elements related to compliance, which intensified during the event. Although the oil, gas, and biofuels sector initially showed low compliance disclosure, it experienced a significant increase in 2019, no longer being one of the sectors with lower disclosure, indicating a more recent development. These changes in compliance over the two observed years indicate the relevance attributed by companies to the disclosure of the implementation of good corporate practices that prevent deviations, seeking to meet stakeholders’ expectations (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Fasterling, 2012</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60">Sarhan &amp; Ntim, 2018</xref>).</p>
				<p>Regarding the analyzed companies, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">Appendix 2</xref> includes occurrences of compliance disclosure per company. In summary, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Table 3</xref> presents the main occurrences in each year, both in absolute variation and in percentage variation.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t8">
						<label>Table 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Major occurrences of compliance disclosure by company</title>
						</caption>
						<table>
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="center">Company</th>
									<th align="center">2014</th>
									<th align="center">2019</th>
									<th align="center">Δ</th>
									<th align="center">Δ%</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">CCR SA</td>
									<td align="center">3</td>
									<td align="center">102</td>
									<td align="center">99</td>
									<td align="center">3400%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">EcoRodovias</td>
									<td align="center">0</td>
									<td align="center">54</td>
									<td align="center">54</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Engie Brasil</td>
									<td align="center">15</td>
									<td align="center">60</td>
									<td align="center">45</td>
									<td align="center">400%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Sabesp</td>
									<td align="center">33</td>
									<td align="center">77</td>
									<td align="center">44</td>
									<td align="center">233%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Ultrapar</td>
									<td align="center">2</td>
									<td align="center">53</td>
									<td align="center">51</td>
									<td align="center">2650%</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">Valid</td>
									<td align="center">1</td>
									<td align="center">46</td>
									<td align="center">45</td>
									<td align="center">4600%</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN8">
								<p>Source: research data.</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>It is interesting to note that among the companies highlighted in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Table 3</xref>, three belong to the industrial goods sector (CCR, EcoRodovias, and Valid), two belong to the utilities sector (Engie Brasil and Sabesp), and one belongs to the oil, gas, and biofuels sector (Ultrapar). These sectors show a higher variation between the analyzed years (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Table 2</xref>).</p>
				<p>CCR demonstrated relevance in three out of the four categories with the most overall oscillation. Valid, Ultrapar, and Engie Brasil stood out in two of the main categories. EcoRodovias presented variation in one of the four main disclosure categories. Sabesp, on the other hand, stands out for an increase in compliance disclosure elements dispersed across all categories. The result suggests that companies used different information disclosure strategies, demonstrating, regardless of how they did it, an attempt to improve corporate image in the eyes of shareholders and other stakeholders (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Bravo, 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Gibbins et al., 1990</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">Romito &amp; Vurro, 2021</xref>).</p>
				<p>Analyzing the attributes of the mentioned companies, it is first possible to identify that they have in common regulation by specific agencies. Companies like CCR and EcoRodovias, operating in road concessions in the country, are regulated by state agencies such as the São Paulo State Transportation Agency (Artesp), Rio de Janeiro State Transport Regulatory Agency (Agetransp), and Paraná State Regulatory Agency (Agepar). Ultrapar, in the business of exploring, refining, and distributing fuels, is regulated by the National Petroleum Agency (ANP). Valid operates in the digital certificate sector and is regulated by the Brazilian Public Key Infrastructure (ICP-Brasil). Engie Brasil, an electric power company, is regulated by the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL). Sabesp, operating in water and sanitation, is regulated by the São Paulo State Public Services Regulatory Agency (Arsesp).</p>
				<p>It is also possible to identify a strong presence of companies that trade with the public administration in this set, either through concessions (CCR, EcoRodovias, Engie Brasil, and Sabesp) or by offering products and services (Valid), as reported by the company itself (Valid, 2021). It is inferred, therefore, that the highlighted companies have a strong relationship with the public sector, either through regulation or commercial relations.</p>
				<p>It can be seen that some of the highlighted companies suffered, directly or indirectly, the effects of <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation. In the case of direct allegations, mentions to Sabesp (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">Leite &amp; Serapião, 2017</xref>), CCR, EcoRodovias (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B55">Rizério, 2018</xref>), and Engie Brasil, formerly Tractebel (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">Martins, 2017</xref>) can be observed. Indirect reflections should also be considered, as there were allegations directed at shareholders. This occurred with CCR, which has as one of its main shareholders the construction companies Andrade Gutierrez and Camargo Corrêa (CCR, 2021); and with EcoRodovias, controlled by the CR Almeida group (Gazeta do Povo, 2015), also mentioned in <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Antonelli, 2016</xref>).</p>
				<p>This finding aligns with the statement made by Transparency International Brazil (Transparência Internacional Brasil, 2018) when evaluating the transparency of corporate reports of the 100 largest companies and the 10 largest banks in Brazil. According to the organization, companies investigated or convicted in corruption cases, such as those revealed by <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation, showed high levels of transparency in corporate reports. This can be attributed to massive investments in compliance disclosure, adopted as a strategy to mitigate financial and reputational losses and in response to social pressures due to involvement in corruption scandals.</p>
				<p>The findings of this study indicate that companies that showed greater evolution in compliance disclosure in management reports during the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation period are primarily in the process of reconfiguring competitive advantage, as outlined by <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">Melo (2019</xref>). Furthermore, it is understood that the dissemination of anticorruption compliance is employed as a strategic resource for reconfiguration aiming to maintain competitiveness in the market, as presented in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Blanc et al. (2019</xref>).</p>
				<p>In summary, these findings indicate a substantial increase in compliance disclosure in the management reports of companies listed on the B3 <italic>Novo Mercado</italic> segment during the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation period, especially regarding monitoring and risk management practices. This evolution is mainly due to the expanded disclosure of these practices by companies with a strong relationship with the public sector, directly or indirectly affected by <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation and/or in the process of reconfiguring transient competitive advantage.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>CONCLUSIONS</title>
				<p>With the aim of providing input to stakeholders and promoting transparency regarding organizational compliance, this research investigated the evolution in the disclosure of compliance practices by Brazilian publicly traded companies during the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation period. The analysis conducted in this investigation revealed that the disclosure of compliance by companies listed on the B3 <italic>Novo Mercado</italic> segment intensified in 2019 compared to the year 2014, showing a 97% increase in occurrences in management reports.</p>
				<p>The main categories of compliance disclosure observed during the process and analysis were: corporate documents for compliance, internal areas dedicated to compliance, legislation and compliance standards, internal compliance programs and processes, organizational culture of compliance, and anticorruption policy. In light of the Disclosure Theory, it is understood that the highlighted categories - especially the last four - played a relevant role in the voluntary disclosure of compliance by these companies, leading to the pursuit of legitimacy with external stakeholders in the national post-<italic>Lava Jato</italic> scenario.</p>
				<p>Exploring the variation of compliance by sector, it was found that, in terms of the growth of compliance disclosure, the industrial goods, oil, gas, and biofuels, and utilities sectors stood out. These sectors notably showed a special concern with the disclosure of risk assessment and mitigation processes. This reveals the increasing importance attributed by companies in these sectors to compliance elements, as these not only reduce the risks of potential deviations in corporate conduct but also signal to stakeholders the company’s efforts to safeguard good practices, aiming at building and maintaining reputation and corporate image in the market.</p>
				<p>The analysis of individual companies highlighted a greater emphasis on compliance adherence in the following organizations: CCR, EcoRodovias, Ultrapar, Valid, Engie Brasil, and Sabesp. These companies directly transact with the public administration and are subject to intense scrutiny by state and federal regulatory agencies. In the organization-specific analysis, therefore, the scenario of coercive pressures to ensure compliance with legal requirements is observed, as direct relations with the public sphere demand greater adaptation to processes and standards. Thus, the disclosure regarding the compliance of these companies goes beyond a mere conformity of actions. However, it should be emphasized that, during the analysis, it was observed that, even though compliance is a coercive aspect, these organizations value this condition in their voluntary disclosure.</p>
				<p>In terms of contributions, this research identifies and discusses, from a theoretical perspective, the progress in voluntary compliance disclosure and its maintenance by organizations after the <italic>Lava Jato</italic> Operation event, as well the enactment of laws aimed at minimizing corruption. It is inferred from the findings that situations in the environment in which organizations operate have the power to influence other actors in the examination of management reports, including timely information to demonstrate their concern with the company’s reputation. Additionally, it is observed that coercive pressures of a governmental nature tend to maximize the adoption of compliance practices.</p>
				<p>From a practical perspective, the research contributes by identifying compliance categories that help in understanding the main themes related to this subject and allows organizations to identify points that are not yet covered in their governance, enabling them to develop a more effective compliance program and voluntarily disclose such facts in their reports. The highlighting of categories assists not only management reports preparers but also economic agents, such as companies, governments, auditors, shareholders, regulators, and investors. These agents seek to ensure that companies comply with applicable laws and regulations, as well as encourage good corporate governance. The disclosure of compliance helps ensure that companies are meeting legal requirements and improves their transparency, thus increasing investor confidence and reducing the perception of risk. Therefore, based on the results of this research, it is noted that companies used management reports to provide a response to various stakeholders who showed a greater concern with the compliance of Brazilian companies.</p>
				<p>This research helps stakeholders, in the social aspect, highlighting compliance disclosure as an element aimed at increasing trust and, consequently, benefiting the capital market and society in various ways. For example, compliance disclosure can increase market transparency and the perceived integrity of stock prices, allowing investors to be better informed when making decisions about investments. In addition, its effective application can help reduce risks related to corruption, fraud, and market manipulation, potentially resulting in greater confidence and liquidity in markets. This, in turn, would expand the capital supply to finance economic development projects. As a result, compliance contributes to creating favorable conditions for economic growth. The findings that reveal the increase in this disclosure by companies point a progress in this direction.</p>
				<p>The categories established during in-depth reading are subject to the researcher’s interpretation in the analysis process, whose results emerge from interaction with the textual material, which is a limitation related to the chosen method for research based on the interpretative epistemological paradigm. However, it is understood that the methodology employed allowed the identification of groups of compliance categories that enable future investigations.</p>
				<p>Thus, it is recommended that this findings be correlated with financial and non-financial indicators of the studied companies, in order to assess the impact of compliance disclosure on their performance and possible differences between category groups. Treatment of this data through quantitative analysis methods and through a positivist paradigm is suggested to seek to strengthen and generalize the results. It is also recommended to evaluate the institutional pressures that led companies to adopt compliance and adjust their reports. As a continuation of the study, an in-depth analysis of the main categories highlighted and how they can impact competitive advantages for the organization, based on a broader range of economic and financial information, would be appropriate.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<ack>
				<title>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</title>
				<p>This study was partially funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) - Brazil (funding code 001). Funding was received by the authors Henrique Adriano de Sousa and Gabriela de Abreu Passos.</p>
			</ack>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn15">
					<label>15</label>
					<p>[Translated version] Note: All quotes in English translated by this article’s translator.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="data-availability" id="fn16" specific-use="data-available">
					<label>DATA AVAILABILITY</label>
					<p>The entire dataset supporting the results of this study was published in the article itself.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<title>REVIEWERS</title>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn19">
					<label>19</label>
					<p>Rodrigo Tavares de Souza Barreto (Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa / PB - Brazil). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4885-9928</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn20">
					<label>20</label>
					<p>Ana Teresa Oliveira da Silva Basto (Fundação Getulio Vargas, São Paulo / SP - Brazil). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-2025</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<title>PEER REVIEW REPORT</title>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn21">
					<label>21</label>
					<p>The peer review report is available at this URL: https://periodicos.fgv.br/cadernosebape/article/view/90536/85321</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<app-group>
				<app id="app3">
					<label>APPENDIX 1</label>
					<p>
						<table-wrap id="t9">
							<label>Table A</label>
							<caption>
								<title>Research and Disclosure Categories</title>
							</caption>
							<table>
								<colgroup>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
								</colgroup>
								<thead>
									<tr>
										<th align="left"/>
										<th align="center">Group</th>
										<th align="center">2014</th>
										<th align="center">%</th>
										<th align="center">2019</th>
										<th align="center">%</th>
										<th align="center">Δ%</th>
									</tr>
								</thead>
								<tbody>
									<tr>
										<td align="left"/>
										<td align="center">Corporate Documents for Compliance</td>
										<td align="center">89</td>
										<td align="center">3%</td>
										<td align="center">122</td>
										<td align="center">100,00%</td>
										<td align="center">37%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="left">Code of Conduct</td>
										<td align="center">16</td>
										<td align="center">0,61%</td>
										<td align="center">29</td>
										<td align="center">23,77%</td>
										<td align="center">81%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="left">Code of Ethics</td>
										<td align="center">26</td>
										<td align="center">1,00%</td>
										<td align="center">40</td>
										<td align="center">32,79%</td>
										<td align="center">54%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="left">Bylaws</td>
										<td align="center">47</td>
										<td align="center">1,81%</td>
										<td align="center">37</td>
										<td align="center">30,33%</td>
										<td align="center">-21%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="left">Principles and Integrity Guide</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0,00%</td>
										<td align="center">16</td>
										<td align="center">13,11%</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left"/>
										<td align="center">Internal Departments Dedicated to Compliance</td>
										<td align="center">180</td>
										<td align="center">7,38%</td>
										<td align="center">277</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="center">54%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="left">Compliance Committee</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0,04%</td>
										<td align="center">8</td>
										<td align="center">2,89%</td>
										<td align="center">700%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="left">Internal Auditing</td>
										<td align="center">27</td>
										<td align="center">1,04%</td>
										<td align="center">84</td>
										<td align="center">30,32%</td>
										<td align="center">211%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="left">Internal Control</td>
										<td align="center">23</td>
										<td align="center">0,88%</td>
										<td align="center">48</td>
										<td align="center">17,33%</td>
										<td align="center">109%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">8</td>
										<td align="left">Auditing Committee</td>
										<td align="center">64</td>
										<td align="center">2,46%</td>
										<td align="center">82</td>
										<td align="center">29,60%</td>
										<td align="center">28%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="left">Ethics Committee</td>
										<td align="center">14</td>
										<td align="center">1,00%</td>
										<td align="center">17</td>
										<td align="center">6,14%</td>
										<td align="center">21%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="left">Arbitration Chamber</td>
										<td align="center">50</td>
										<td align="center">1,92%</td>
										<td align="center">38</td>
										<td align="center">13,72%</td>
										<td align="center">-24%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">11</td>
										<td align="left">Compliance Area</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0,04%</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0,00%</td>
										<td align="center">-100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left"/>
										<td align="center">Compliance Legislation and Norms</td>
										<td align="center">72</td>
										<td align="center">2,77%</td>
										<td align="center">161</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="center">124%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">12</td>
										<td align="left">Conformity with Internal Norms and Policies</td>
										<td align="center">34</td>
										<td align="center">1,31%</td>
										<td align="center">89</td>
										<td align="center">55,28%</td>
										<td align="center">162%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">13</td>
										<td align="left">Law 12846/13</td>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center">0,23%</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">6,21%</td>
										<td align="center">67%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">14</td>
										<td align="left">Conformity with Legislation</td>
										<td align="center">25</td>
										<td align="center">0,96%</td>
										<td align="center">39</td>
										<td align="center">24,22%</td>
										<td align="center">56%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">15</td>
										<td align="left">UN’s Global Anti-Corruption Commitment Pact</td>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="center">0,27%</td>
										<td align="center">23</td>
										<td align="center">14,29%</td>
										<td align="center">229%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left"/>
										<td align="center">Internal Programs and Processes of Compliance</td>
										<td align="center">169</td>
										<td align="center">6,48%</td>
										<td align="center">400</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="center">137%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">16</td>
										<td align="left">Review of Internal Processes</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">0,15%</td>
										<td align="center">24</td>
										<td align="center">6,00%</td>
										<td align="center">500%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">17</td>
										<td align="left">Compliance Program</td>
										<td align="center">16</td>
										<td align="center">0,61%</td>
										<td align="center">67</td>
										<td align="center">16,75%</td>
										<td align="center">319%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">18</td>
										<td align="left">Risk Mitigation and Evaluation Processes</td>
										<td align="center">111</td>
										<td align="center">4,26%</td>
										<td align="center">238</td>
										<td align="center">59,50%</td>
										<td align="center">114%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">19</td>
										<td align="left">Ethical Processes</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0,00%</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">0,75%</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">20</td>
										<td align="left">Ethics Program</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0,00%</td>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="center">1,75%</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">21</td>
										<td align="left">Integrity Program</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0,00%</td>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="center">1,75%</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">22</td>
										<td align="left">Search for Integrity Standards in Processes</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">0,12%</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">1,00%</td>
										<td align="center">33%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">23</td>
										<td align="left">Evaluation of Conflicts of Interest</td>
										<td align="center">35</td>
										<td align="center">1,34%</td>
										<td align="center">48</td>
										<td align="center">12,00%</td>
										<td align="center">37%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">24</td>
										<td align="left">Tax Compliance</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0,00%</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">0,50%</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left"/>
										<td align="center">Compliance Organizational Culture</td>
										<td align="center">44</td>
										<td align="center">1,68%</td>
										<td align="center">108</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="center">145%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">25</td>
										<td align="left">Compliance Training and Culture</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">0,38%</td>
										<td align="center">38</td>
										<td align="center">35,19%</td>
										<td align="center">280%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">26</td>
										<td align="left">Organizational Integrity</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0,04%</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">1,85%</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">27</td>
										<td align="left">Ethical Principles</td>
										<td align="center">19</td>
										<td align="center">0,73%</td>
										<td align="center">30</td>
										<td align="center">27,78%</td>
										<td align="center">58%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">28</td>
										<td align="left">Compliance Culture</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">0,38%</td>
										<td align="center">15</td>
										<td align="center">13,89%</td>
										<td align="center">50%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">29</td>
										<td align="left">Ethical Culture</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0,00%</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0,93%</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">30</td>
										<td align="left">Compliance Presidency</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0,00%</td>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="center">4,63%</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">31</td>
										<td align="left">Ethical Handling</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0,00%</td>
										<td align="center">8</td>
										<td align="center">7,41%</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">32</td>
										<td align="left">External Compliance Monitoring</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">0,15%</td>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">8,33%</td>
										<td align="center">125%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left"/>
										<td align="left">Anti-Corruption Policy</td>
										<td align="center">35</td>
										<td align="center">1,35%</td>
										<td align="center">91</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="center">160%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">33</td>
										<td align="left">Reporting Channel</td>
										<td align="center">11</td>
										<td align="center">0,42%</td>
										<td align="center">32</td>
										<td align="center">35,16%</td>
										<td align="center">191%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">34</td>
										<td align="left">Anti-Corruption, Bribery, Kickbacks, or Facilitated Payments</td>
										<td align="center">18</td>
										<td align="center">0,69%</td>
										<td align="center">46</td>
										<td align="center">50,55%</td>
										<td align="center">156%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">35</td>
										<td align="left">Due diligence</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">0,08%</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">4,40%</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">36</td>
										<td align="left">Controlling Transactions with Public Agents</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">0,08%</td>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">9,89%</td>
										<td align="center">350%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">37</td>
										<td align="left">Ombudsman</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0,04%</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0,00%</td>
										<td align="center">-100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">38</td>
										<td align="left">Penalties for Behaviors in Disagreement with the Organization’s Policies</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
										<td align="center">-100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left"/>
										<td align="left">Total</td>
										<td align="center">589</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="center">1159</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="center">97%</td>
									</tr>
								</tbody>
							</table>
							<table-wrap-foot>
								<fn id="TFN9">
									<p>Source: research data.</p>
								</fn>
							</table-wrap-foot>
						</table-wrap>
					</p>
				</app>
				<app id="app4">
					<label>APPENDIX 2</label>
					<p>
						<table-wrap id="t10">
							<label>Table B</label>
							<caption>
								<title>Occurrences of Compliance Disclosure by Company</title>
							</caption>
							<table>
								<colgroup>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
								</colgroup>
								<thead>
									<tr>
										<th align="center">Company</th>
										<th align="center">2014</th>
										<th align="center">2019</th>
										<th align="center">Δ</th>
										<th align="center">Δ%</th>
										<th align="center">Company</th>
										<th align="center">2014</th>
										<th align="center">2019</th>
										<th align="center">Δ</th>
										<th align="center">Δ%</th>
										<th align="center">Company</th>
										<th align="center">2014</th>
										<th align="center">2019</th>
										<th align="center">Δ</th>
										<th align="center">Δ%</th>
									</tr>
								</thead>
								<tbody>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Alper S.A.</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-10</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
										<td align="left">Fleury</td>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="center">17</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">243%</td>
										<td align="left">Paranapanema</td>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">120%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Anima</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Gafisa</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">175%</td>
										<td align="left">PDG Realt</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">200%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Arezzo Co</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Generalshopp</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="left">Petrorio</td>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">-6</td>
										<td align="center">14%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">B2W Digital</td>
										<td align="center">16</td>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">-7</td>
										<td align="center">56%</td>
										<td align="left">Grendene</td>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">-4</td>
										<td align="center">43%</td>
										<td align="left">Pomifrutas</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-2</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">B3</td>
										<td align="center">31</td>
										<td align="center">22</td>
										<td align="center">-9</td>
										<td align="center">71%</td>
										<td align="left">Helbor</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="left">Porto Seguro</td>
										<td align="center">12</td>
										<td align="center">11</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">92%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">BBSeguridade</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">38</td>
										<td align="center">34</td>
										<td align="center">950%</td>
										<td align="left">Hypera</td>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="center">-2</td>
										<td align="center">71%</td>
										<td align="left">Portobello</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Biosev</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Iguatemi</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="left">Positivo Tec</td>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">-4</td>
										<td align="center">33%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Br Brokers</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
										<td align="left">Inds Romi</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Profarma</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Br Malls Par</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">13</td>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">325%</td>
										<td align="left">Iochp-Maxion</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="left">Qualicorp</td>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-6</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Br Propert</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="left">JBS</td>
										<td align="center">12</td>
										<td align="center">32</td>
										<td align="center">20</td>
										<td align="center">267%</td>
										<td align="left">Raiadrogasil</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Brasil</td>
										<td align="center">19</td>
										<td align="center">19</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="left">JHSF Part</td>
										<td align="center">23</td>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="center">-18</td>
										<td align="center">22%</td>
										<td align="left">RNI</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Brasilagro</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">JSL</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">233%</td>
										<td align="left">Rossi Resid</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-3</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">BRF SA</td>
										<td align="center">8</td>
										<td align="center">41</td>
										<td align="center">33</td>
										<td align="center">513%</td>
										<td align="left">Kroton</td>
										<td align="center">12</td>
										<td align="center">21</td>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">175%</td>
										<td align="left">Sabesp</td>
										<td align="center">33</td>
										<td align="center">77</td>
										<td align="center">44</td>
										<td align="center">233%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">CCR SA</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">102</td>
										<td align="center">99</td>
										<td align="center">3400%</td>
										<td align="left">Le Lis Blanc</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">50%</td>
										<td align="left">São Carlos</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Cia Hering</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">24</td>
										<td align="center">24</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Light S/A</td>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">-3</td>
										<td align="center">40%</td>
										<td align="left">Ser Educa</td>
										<td align="center">8</td>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="center">-3</td>
										<td align="center">63%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Cielo</td>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="center">16</td>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">229%</td>
										<td align="left">Linx</td>
										<td align="center">12</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">-10</td>
										<td align="center">17%</td>
										<td align="left">SLC Agrícola</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">13</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">433%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Copasa</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">24</td>
										<td align="center">14</td>
										<td align="center">240%</td>
										<td align="left">Localiza</td>
										<td align="center">22</td>
										<td align="center">61</td>
										<td align="center">39</td>
										<td align="center">277%</td>
										<td align="left">Smiles</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">CPFL Energia</td>
										<td align="center">16</td>
										<td align="center">15</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">94%</td>
										<td align="left">Locamerica</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">32</td>
										<td align="center">30</td>
										<td align="center">1600%</td>
										<td align="left">Springs</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">CPFL Renovav</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">75%</td>
										<td align="left">Log-In</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Technos</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-3</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">CR2</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">200%</td>
										<td align="left">Lojas Marisa</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
										<td align="left">Tecnisa</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">15</td>
										<td align="center">15</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">CSU Cardsyst</td>
										<td align="center">20</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-20</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
										<td align="left">Lojas Renner</td>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">11</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">122%</td>
										<td align="left">Tegma</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">400%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Cyre Com-Ccp</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">75%</td>
										<td align="left">Lopes Brasil</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">150%</td>
										<td align="left">Terra Santa</td>
										<td align="center">15</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-15</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Cyrela Realt</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">200%</td>
										<td align="left">Lupatech</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Tim Part S/A</td>
										<td align="center">11</td>
										<td align="center">12</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">109%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Direcional</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">M.Diasbranco</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">14</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">350%</td>
										<td align="left">Time For Fun</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Duratex</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Magaz Luiza</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">300%</td>
										<td align="left">Totvs</td>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center">12</td>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center">200%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Ecorodovias</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">54</td>
										<td align="center">54</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Marfrig</td>
										<td align="center">12</td>
										<td align="center">26</td>
										<td align="center">14</td>
										<td align="center">217%</td>
										<td align="left">Trisul</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Embraer</td>
										<td align="center">38</td>
										<td align="center">36</td>
										<td align="center">-2</td>
										<td align="center">95%</td>
										<td align="left">Metal Leve</td>
										<td align="center">14</td>
										<td align="center">20</td>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center">143%</td>
										<td align="left">Triunfo Part</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Enauta Part</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">11</td>
										<td align="center">10</td>
										<td align="center">1100%</td>
										<td align="left">Metalfrio</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">50%</td>
										<td align="left">Tupy</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">17</td>
										<td align="center">17</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Energias Br</td>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center">31</td>
										<td align="center">25</td>
										<td align="center">517%</td>
										<td align="left">Mills</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Ultrapar</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">53</td>
										<td align="center">51</td>
										<td align="center">2650%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Eneva</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">500%</td>
										<td align="left">Minerva</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">50%</td>
										<td align="left">Unicasa</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">200%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Engie Brasil</td>
										<td align="center">15</td>
										<td align="center">60</td>
										<td align="center">45</td>
										<td align="center">400%</td>
										<td align="left">Mmx Miner</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
										<td align="left">Valid</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">46</td>
										<td align="center">45</td>
										<td align="center">4600%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Eternit</td>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">80%</td>
										<td align="left">MRV</td>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">75%</td>
										<td align="left">Viver</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Even</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="left">Natura</td>
										<td align="center">22</td>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">-13</td>
										<td align="center">41%</td>
										<td align="left">Weg</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Eztec</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">100%</td>
										<td align="left">Odontoprev</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">-2</td>
										<td align="center">0%</td>
										<td align="left">Yduqs Part</td>
										<td align="center">13</td>
										<td align="center">12</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">92%</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Fer Heringer</td>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">-1</td>
										<td align="center">50%</td>
										<td align="left">Ourofino S/A</td>
										<td align="center">0</td>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="left">Total</td>
										<td align="center">589</td>
										<td align="center">1159</td>
										<td align="center">570</td>
										<td align="center">197%</td>
									</tr>
								</tbody>
							</table>
							<table-wrap-foot>
								<fn id="TFN10">
									<p>Source: research data.Fonte: Dados da pesquisa</p>
								</fn>
							</table-wrap-foot>
						</table-wrap>
					</p>
				</app>
			</app-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>-->
</article>