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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Vigilância Sanitária em Debate</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">visa</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Vigilância Sanitária em Debate</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Vigilância Sanitária em Debate</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2317-269X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>INCQS-FIOCRUZ</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">00009</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22239/2317-269X.01324</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ARTIGO</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Incidentes notificados no cuidado obstétrico de um hospital público e fatores associados</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Reported incidents in obstetric care of a public hospital and associated factors</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8181-4214</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Neiva</surname>
            <given-names>Lia Esther Corrêa de Paula</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>I</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01">
            <sup>*</sup>
          </xref>
          <email>liaesther@gmail.com</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0194-4196</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barros</surname>
            <given-names>Ângela Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>II</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8318-4658</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Imoto</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Mizusaki</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>II</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2675-8085</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gottems</surname>
            <given-names>Leila Bernarda Donato</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>II</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>I</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Materno-Infantil de Brasília</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Brasília</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Materno-Infantil de Brasília (HMIB), Brasília, DF, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>II</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Brasília</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> * E-mail: 
          <email>liaesther@gmail.com</email>
        </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Conflito de Interesse</p>
          <p>Os autores informam não haver qualquer potencial conflito de interesse com pares e instituições, políticos ou financeiros deste estudo..</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <!--pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>12</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2021</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic"-->
        <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Oct-Dec</season>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>7</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>54</fpage>
      <lpage>60</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>RESUMO</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Introdução</title>
          <p> A segurança do paciente busca reduzir, a um mínimo aceitável, o risco de dano desnecessário associado ao cuidado de saúde. Em relação à assistência materna e neonatal, a qualidade e segurança também têm ocupado a agenda das políticas públicas brasileiras de forma intensa como estratégia para redução da morbimortalidade perinatal.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p> Analisar os incidentes relacionados ao cuidado obstétrico notificados em um hospital público segundo o perfil das mulheres envolvidas e fatores associados aos eventos adversos graves.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Método</title>
          <p> Estudo transversal e retrospectivo, com incidentes registrados no sistema de notificação de incidentes de um hospital público do Distrito Federal especializado em atenção materna e infantil, entre 2015 e 2017. Para avaliar os fatores associados aos eventos adversos graves, foi utilizada a regressão logística em um modelo simples, com subsequente ajuste das variáveis em um modelo múltiplo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Foram notificados 114 incidentes, sendo que 104 ocorreram com pacientes e resultaram em danos leves (16,7%), moderados (32,5%) e graves (24,5%), com 4,8% de óbitos relacionados ao incidente. A maioria dos incidentes ocorreu durante o dia (75,3%), no centro obstétrico (51,7%), por notificação de enfermeiros (57,0%) e foram relacionados aos procedimentos de assistência à saúde (48,3%). Os eventos adversos graves apresentaram maior chance de ocorrer no centro obstétrico (OR = 3,86; IC95% 1,26–11,84) e no período noturno (OR = 3,37; IC95% 1,16–9,75).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusões</title>
          <p> A maioria dos incidentes causou dano moderado ou grave às pacientes. Os eventos graves apresentaram maior chance de ocorrer no centro obstétrico e no período noturno.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <title>ABSTRACT</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Introduction</title>
          <p> Patient safety seeks to reduce, to an acceptable minimum, the risk of unnecessary harm associated with health care. Regarding maternal and neonatal care, quality and safety have also occupied the agenda of Brazilian public policies intensively as a strategy for reducing perinatal morbidity and mortality.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p> To analyze the incidents related to obstetric care reported in a public hospital according to the profile of the women involved and factors associated with serious adverse events.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Method</title>
          <p> A cross-sectional, retrospective study with incidents recorded in the Incident Reporting System of a public hospital in Federal District specialized in maternal and child care between 2015 and 2017. A logistic regression in one model, with subsequent adjustment of variables in a multiple model, was used to evaluate the factors associated with severe adverse events.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> A total of 114 incidents were reported, of which 104 occurred in patients and resulted in mild (16.7%), moderate (32.5%) and severe (24.5%) injuries, with 4.8% of deaths related to the incident. The majority of the incidents occurred during the day (75.3%), in the Obstetric Center (51.7%), were notified by nurses (57.0%) and were related to health care procedures (48.3%). Serious adverse events were more likely to occur at the Obstetric Center (OR = 3.86, 95%CI 1.26–11.84) and at night (OR = 3.37, 95%CI 1.16–9.75).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p> Most incidents caused moderate or severe damage to patients. Serious events were more likely to occur at the Obstetric Center and at night.</p>
        </sec>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Segurança do Paciente</kwd>
        <kwd>Gestão de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Erros Médicos</kwd>
        <kwd>Saúde da Mulher</kwd>
        <kwd>Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Patient Safety</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Management</kwd>
        <kwd>Medical Errors</kwd>
        <kwd>Women’s Health</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Health Care</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="29"/>
        <page-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>INTRODUÇÃO</title>
      <p>A segurança do paciente é um tema discutido mundialmente desde a publicação do relatório do 
        <italic>Institute of Medicine</italic> (IOM) denominado 
        <italic>To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System</italic> em 1999. Entre as várias repercussões, o documento evidenciou o impacto das taxas de mortalidade e do prolongamento do tempo de internação hospitalar
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
        </sup>. Constitui-se como um importante componente da qualidade da assistência à saúde e é definida como a prevenção, a melhoria e a correção dos resultados adversos ou das lesões provenientes do processo assistencial, com apoio aos pacientes e aos profissionais envolvidos
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,
          <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>No Brasil, O Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente (PNSP) foi instituído, mediante a publicação pelo Ministério da Saúde da Portaria n° 529, de 1° de abril de 2013 e da Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) n° 36, de 25 de julho de 2013, com o objetivo de contribuir para a qualificação do cuidado em todos os estabelecimentos de saúde. Por meio desses documentos normativos, foi determinada a obrigatoriedade de criação dos Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente (NSP) em todas as instituições de cuidados hospitalares
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,
          <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>Uma relevante competência do NSP é a vigilância de incidentes relacionados à assistência à saúde e notificação ao Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (SNVS). Esse registro deve ser realizado no módulo específico do Sistema de Notificações em Vigilância Sanitária (Notivisa).</p>
      <p>Para este propósito, os formulários ou sistemas de notificações de incidentes (SNI) são importantes ferramentas dos NSP, os quais devem ser criados nos serviços de saúde, baseados na construção de uma cultura em que pacientes, profissionais e gestores possam compreender os fatores de risco envolvidos na assistência, bem como elaborar estratégias para evitar a repetição do incidente
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>,
          <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>As notificações analisadas colaboram para a identificação de oportunidades de melhorias no desenvolvimento de uma cultura de segurança
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>,
          <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
        </sup>. Os dados gerados por estes sistemas se constituem em elemento para a produção de informações que subsidiam ações corretivas e preventivas para uma assistência mais segura
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>A segurança do paciente busca reduzir, a um mínimo aceitável, o risco de dano desnecessário associado ao cuidado de saúde. Incidente de segurança do paciente é o evento ou circunstância que possa ter ou não resultado em dano desnecessário ao paciente. Aqueles incidentes que causaram danos decorrentes do cuidado são denominados de eventos adversos (EA) e podem aumentar o tempo de permanência do paciente ou resultar em uma incapacidade presente no momento da alta hospitalar
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,
          <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>O EA é classificado segundo a presença de dano evitável podendo ser considerado: EA leve, quando o paciente apresenta sintomas leves, danos mínimos ou intermediários de curta duração sem intervenção ou com intervenção mínima; EA moderado, quando é necessária alguma intervenção suplementar ou adicional, com prolongamento da internação, perda de função, danos permanentes ou em longo prazo; e EA grave, quando é necessária uma grande intervenção médico/cirúrgica para salvar a vida ou porque houve grandes danos permanentes ou em longo prazo, perturbação/risco fetal ou anomalia congênita; óbito causado ou antecipado pelo EA
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>Em relação à assistência materna e neonatal, a qualidade e segurança também têm ocupado a agenda das políticas públicas brasileiras de forma intensa como estratégia para redução da morbimortalidade perinatal
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>,
          <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>O EA no cuidado à maternidade é frequentemente evitável e os custos do cuidado são crescentes no mundo, assim como os litígios decorrentes dos danos assistenciais
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>,
          <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>É fundamental compreender o problema em abordagens diferentes, o que possibilitaria intervenções adequadas para a redução de mortes e danos desnecessários
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>Para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a ocorrência de incidentes, com ou sem danos em obstetrícia, é necessário o uso de outras tecnologias da informação e ferramentas analíticas, como os indicadores de segurança obstétrica, sessões clínicas ou sistemas de notificação. A detecção das características do EA possibilita desenvolver estratégias destinadas a preveni-los ou mitigar o impacto de eventos imprevisíveis, bem como construir um modelo sustentável para melhorar o atendimento e a segurança do paciente
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>,
          <xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>No Distrito Federal, os estudos sobre as complicações do ciclo gravídico-puerperal são escassos
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
        </sup>. Assim, conhecer incidentes relacionados ao cuidado obstétrico é uma importante ferramenta que pode contribuir para intervenção na assistência relacionada, a fim de tornar o cuidado mais seguro, o que justifica a execução do presente estudo.
      </p>
      <p>Diante disso este artigo teve como objetivo analisar os incidentes relacionados ao cuidado obstétrico notificados em um hospital público segundo o perfil das mulheres envolvidas e fatores associados aos EA graves.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>MÉTODO</title>
      <p>O estudo é do tipo transversal e retrospectivo. Foi realizado em um hospital público do Distrito Federal, referência para atendimento de alto risco gestacional, especializado na atenção materna e infantil.</p>
      <p>A população foi composta pela totalidade de notificações de incidentes relacionados ao cuidado obstétrico referente aos casos relacionados ao período de gestação, parto e até 42 dias após o término da gestação registrados no período de 1º de janeiro de 2015 a 30 de junho de 2017.</p>
      <p>As notificações foram coletadas no Núcleo de Qualidade e Segurança do Paciente (NQSP), através do SNI, e as informações complementares foram colhidas nos prontuários eletrônicos das pacientes envolvidas. O NQSP foi instituído em novembro de 2013 e o SNI consiste em um formulário eletrônico disponível para profissionais, usuários e familiares, implantado desde outubro de 2014. O formulário eletrônico de notificação após ser preenchido pelo notificador com as informações básicas sobre o incidente observado é enviado ao NQSP para análise e, quando as informações apresentam a descrição de danos graves, elas são objeto de plano de ação.</p>
      <p>As variáveis que constam no formulário de notificação e que foram extraídas e analisadas neste estudo foram: data do incidente, data da notificação, local e turno de ocorrência do incidente, identificação da paciente envolvida (nome, data de nascimento e número de prontuário), descrição do incidente e categoria profissional do notificador. Incluíram-se também o tipo, o subtipo e a classificação do incidente, bem como a ocorrência ou não de danos à paciente, os quais foram confirmados nos prontuários.</p>
      <p>Foram calculados os percentuais de mulheres envolvidas em EA notificados, segundo o número de mulheres atendidas por ano. Os incidentes analisados foram categorizados em tipos, conforme a classificação realizada no Notivisa.</p>
      <p>A organização do banco de dados foi realizada no sistema Excel
        <italic>®</italic> versão 15.26. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o 
        <italic>software Statistical Package for the Social Science </italic>(SPSS®), versão 25.0. Na análise descritiva, foi realizada a distribuição percentual das variáveis qualitativas e medidas de tendência central e dispersão das variáveis quantitativas. Para avaliar os fatores associados aos EA graves, essa variável foi considerada como dependente e foi categorizada como “sim”, quando EA com dano grave, e “não”, quando incidente EA com dano leve e moderado.
      </p>
      <p>Como variáveis independentes foram analisadas a idade (&lt; ou ≥ 35 anos) diante de associação da morbidade materna grave entre as mulheres com idade ≥ 35 anos
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>
        </sup>, dias de internação (≤ ou &gt; 4 dias) devido ao tempo médio de internação de 4 dias por partos cesárea de alto risco
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
        </sup> e os EA terem ocasionado mais dias de internação em estudo prévio
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
        </sup>, local de ocorrência do incidente (sim: centro obstétrico – CO; não: enfermaria e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva) e turno da ocorrência (diurno e noturno), por se considerar as variações nos processos de trabalho, conforme setor e horário, e a possível relação disso com os EA.
      </p>
      <p>Para se estimar a associação entre as variáveis dependentes e independentes em um estudo transversal, optou-se por buscar a razão de chances ou 
        <italic>odds ratio </italic>(OR) em vez da razão de prevalência tendo em vista que um estudo prévio não observou grandes diferenças numéricas entre ambos e também pela variável dependente não apresentar alta prevalência
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>Inicialmente foi realizado um modelo simples de regressão logística para analisar as variáveis independentes associadas à variável dependente com o teste qui-quadrado. Em seguida foram ajustadas em um modelo múltiplo de regressão logística (
        <italic>stepwise forward</italic>) as variáveis independentes que apresentaram p &lt; 0,25 no modelo simples
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
        </sup>. Permaneceram no modelo múltiplo as variáveis com p &lt; 0,05. Todas as medidas de associação foram estimadas com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança 95%.
      </p>
      <p>O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (FEPECS), sob o número 1.907.907.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>RESULTADOS</title>
      <p>No período estudado, houve 9.323 partos, 48,6% partos cesáreas e 51,3% partos normais, com média de 310 partos/mês e 3.729 partos/ano. Foram notificados 114 incidentes no período, dos quais 104 envolveram pacientes, equivalendo a 1,1% do total de mulheres atendidas no período. Os outros dez incidentes foram circunstâncias notificadas com potencial risco de EA, porém não atingiram nenhuma paciente, por isso a discrepância entre o número de pacientes e o de incidentes no estudo.</p>
      <p>Observou-se que as mulheres envolvidas nas 20 notificações de EA do ano de 2015 representaram 0,4% do total de mulheres atendidas; as 52 notificações realizadas em 2016 foram equivalentes a 1,3% do total de mulheres atendidas; e as 42 notificações realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2017 corresponderam a 2,8% do número de mulheres atendidas no mesmo período.</p>
      <p>Elas apresentaram a média de idade de 28,2 anos (± 7,6 anos), variando entre 16 e 44 anos. A faixa etária mais frequente foi de 20 a 34 anos (54,8%). O tempo médio de internação foi de 14 dias (± 16,4 dias), com mínimo de um e máximo de 79 dias de internação. A maioria era nulípara (53,5%), estava com gestação pré-termo (&lt; 37 semanas) e estava internada para realizar ou por ter realizado parto cesárea (49,0%) (
        <xref rid="t1" ref-type="table">Tabela 1</xref>).
      </p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Características das 104 pacientes envolvidas nos incidentes notificados relacionados ao cuidado obstétrico. Brasília-DF, 2017.</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Variável</th>
                <th align="left">Categoria</th>
                <th>N</th>
                <th>(%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Faixa etária</td>
                <td>≤ 19 anos</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">18,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>20 a 34 anos</td>
                <td align="center">57</td>
                <td align="center">54,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>≥ 35 anos</td>
                <td align="center">28</td>
                <td align="center">26,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="4">Número de gestações</td>
                <td>Primeira gestação</td>
                <td align="center">32</td>
                <td align="center">30,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Duas ou três gestações</td>
                <td align="center">41</td>
                <td align="center">39,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Mais de três gestações</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">24,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sem registro</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">5,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="4">Número de partos vaginais</td>
                <td>Nulípara</td>
                <td align="center">53</td>
                <td align="center">51,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Primípara</td>
                <td align="center">25</td>
                <td align="center">24,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Multípara</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">20,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sem registro</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">4,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Número de partos cesáreas</td>
                <td>Nenhuma cesárea</td>
                <td align="center">67</td>
                <td align="center">64,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Uma ou mais cesáreas</td>
                <td align="center">30</td>
                <td align="center">28,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sem registro</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">6,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Número de abortos</td>
                <td>Nenhum aborto</td>
                <td align="center">67</td>
                <td align="center">64,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Um ou mais abortos</td>
                <td align="center">31</td>
                <td align="center">29,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sem registro</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">5,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="5">Idade gestacional em semanas</td>
                <td>&lt; 22</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
                <td align="center">9,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>22 a 31</td>
                <td align="center">9</td>
                <td align="center">8,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>32 a 36</td>
                <td align="center">29</td>
                <td align="center">27,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>37 a 41</td>
                <td align="center">43</td>
                <td align="center">41,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sem registro</td>
                <td align="center">13</td>
                <td align="center">12,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="4">Motivo da internação</td>
                <td>Parto vaginal</td>
                <td align="center">35</td>
                <td align="center">33,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Parto cesárea</td>
                <td align="center">51</td>
                <td align="center">49,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Aborto</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
                <td align="center">7,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Gestação</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
                <td align="center">9,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Desfecho da paciente</td>
                <td>Alta</td>
                <td align="center">70</td>
                <td align="center">67,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Transferência</td>
                <td align="center">24</td>
                <td align="center">23,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Óbito</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
                <td align="center">9,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="2">Óbito relacionado ao incidente</td>
                <td>Sim</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">4,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Não</td>
                <td align="center">99</td>
                <td align="center">95,1</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Dos incidentes notificados e analisados neste estudo, a maioria apresentou danos (73,7%), dentre eles 57,0% com danos classificados como moderados e graves. O local de maior ocorrência foi o CO (51,7%). O enfermeiro foi o profissional responsável pela maioria das notificações (57,0%). A maior parte dos EA ocorreu no período diurno (75,3%) (
        <xref rid="t2" ref-type="table">Tabela 2</xref>).
      </p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Características dos 114 incidentes notificados relacionados ao cuidado obstétrico. Brasília-DF, 2017.</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Variável</th>
                <th align="left">Categoria</th>
                <th>N</th>
                <th>(%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="4">Classificação do incidente</td>
                <td>Incidente sem dano</td>
                <td align="center">30</td>
                <td align="center">26,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Evento adverso com dano leve</td>
                <td align="center">19</td>
                <td align="center">16,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Evento adverso com dano moderado</td>
                <td align="center">37</td>
                <td align="center">32,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Evento adverso com dano grave</td>
                <td align="center">28</td>
                <td align="center">24,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Local de ocorrência do incidente</td>
                <td>Centro obstétrico</td>
                <td align="center">59</td>
                <td align="center">51,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Enfermaria</td>
                <td align="center">20</td>
                <td align="center">17,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Unidade de terapia intensiva</td>
                <td align="center">35</td>
                <td align="center">30,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="5">Notificador do incidente</td>
                <td>Enfermeiro</td>
                <td align="center">65</td>
                <td align="center">57,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Técnico de enfermagem</td>
                <td align="center">35</td>
                <td align="center">30,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Farmacêutico</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">4,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Médico</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">6,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Paciente</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">1,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Turno de ocorrência do incidente</td>
                <td>Diurno</td>
                <td align="center">73</td>
                <td align="center">64,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Noturno</td>
                <td align="center">24</td>
                <td align="center">21,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sem registro</td>
                <td align="center">17</td>
                <td align="center">14,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="4">Tipo de incidente</td>
                <td>Relacionado a procedimento de assistência à saúde</td>
                <td align="center">55</td>
                <td align="center">48,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Relacionado a procedimento cirúrgico</td>
                <td align="center">27</td>
                <td align="center">23,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Incidente relacionado a medicamento</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">18,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Relacionado a artigo ou equipamento médico-hospitalar</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
                <td align="center">9,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="10">Subtipo de incidente</td>
                <td>Infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">20,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Queixa técnica</td>
                <td align="center">21</td>
                <td align="center">18,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Lesão evitável durante prestação de cuidados</td>
                <td align="center">15</td>
                <td align="center">13,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Morbidade materna grave</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">10,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Incidente relacionado à medicação</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">10,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Prática de parto não recomendada</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">5,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Relacionado a ambiente e processos</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">5,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Lesão por pressão e quedas</td>
                <td align="center">6</td>
                <td align="center">5,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Falhas de identificação</td>
                <td align="center">5</td>
                <td align="center">4,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Outros</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
                <td align="center">7,0</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>A maioria deles foi relacionada a procedimentos de assistência à saúde (48,3%) e infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) (20,1%). Entre os desfechos, 61,0% das pacientes tiveram alta, 21,1% foram transferidas e 8,8% foram a óbito. Dos dez óbitos identificados, cinco foram relacionados com os incidentes notificados.</p>
      <p>No modelo simples da regressão logística, observou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre a ocorrência do EA com dano grave e o CO como local do evento (p = 0,002) e o turno noturno (p = 0,013) (
        <xref rid="t3" ref-type="table">Tabela 3</xref>). Essas variáveis permaneceram associadas ao EA com dano grave no modelo de regressão logística múltiplo, apontando três vezes mais chance desse evento ocorrer durante o período noturno e no CO (
        <xref rid="t4" ref-type="table">Tabela 4</xref>).
      </p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribuição das ocorrências de evento adverso grave e associação com características das pacientes e incidentes notificados. Brasília-DF, 2017.</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"></th>
                <th colspan="2">Evento adverso com dano grave</th>
                <th colspan="3" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"></th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Variável</th>
                <th>Categoria</th>
                <th>Não N (%)</th>
                <th>Sim N (%)</th>
                <th>p</th>
                <th>OR</th>
                <th>IC95%</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="2">Idade</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 35 anos</td>
                <td align="center">57 (54,8)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (18,3)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1,00</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">≥ 35 anos</td>
                <td align="center">19 (18,3)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (8,7)</td>
                <td align="center">0,467</td>
                <td align="center">1,42</td>
                <td align="center">0,55–3,67</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="2">Dias de internação</td>
                <td align="center">≤ 4 dias</td>
                <td align="center">25 (24,0)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (7,7)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1,00</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">&gt; 4 dias</td>
                <td align="center">51 (49,0)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (19,2)</td>
                <td align="center">0,675</td>
                <td align="center">1,23</td>
                <td align="center">0,47–3,17</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="2">Centro obstétrico</td>
                <td align="center">Não</td>
                <td align="center">49 (43,0)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (5,3)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1,00</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">37 (32,5)</td>
                <td align="center">22 (19,3)</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
                <td align="center">4,86</td>
                <td align="center">1,79–13,18</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="2">Turno de ocorrência</td>
                <td align="center">Diurno</td>
                <td align="center">61 (62,9)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (12,4)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1,00</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Noturno</td>
                <td align="center">14 (14,4)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (10,3)</td>
                <td align="center">0,013</td>
                <td align="center">3,63</td>
                <td align="center">1,31–10,08</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>OR - odds ratio; IC - intervalo de confiança; p - p valor.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Variáveis associadas à ocorrência de evento adverso com dano grave no modelo múltiplo de regressão logística. Brasília-DF, 2017.</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Variável</th>
                <th>Categoria</th>
                <th>OR
                  <sub>ajustado</sub>
                </th>
                <th>IC95%</th>
                <th>p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="2">Centro obstétrico</td>
                <td align="center">Não</td>
                <td align="center">1,00</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">3,86</td>
                <td align="center">1,26–11,84</td>
                <td align="center">0,018</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="2">Turno de ocorrência</td>
                <td align="center">Diurno</td>
                <td align="center">1,00</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Noturno</td>
                <td align="center">3,37</td>
                <td align="center">1,16–9,75</td>
                <td align="center">0,025</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>OR - odds ratio; IC - intervalo de confiança; p - p valor.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>DISCUSSÃO</title>
      <p>A maioria dos incidentes notificados no cuidado obstétrico causou dano às pacientes e mais da metade foram classificados como moderado ou grave, inclusive com evolução para óbito em alguns casos. Os eventos com danos graves apresentaram mais chance de ocorrer no CO e no período noturno.</p>
      <p>Apesar de ter sido verificado um aumento no número de notificações ao longo do período estudado, as notificações analisadas neste estudo seguramente não representam a totalidade dos incidentes ocorridos no período. Isso porque se estima que, no mundo, ocorram anualmente 421 milhões de internações, com cerca de 42,7 milhões de incidentes com dano
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>Em estudo retrospectivo realizado na Espanha, encontrou-se uma incidência de 3,6% de ocorrência de EA relacionados à assistência obstétrica
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
        </sup>. No Brasil, estudo realizado em um hospital geral encontrou 3,3% de incidentes notificados entre os internados
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
        </sup>. Em uma coorte retrospectiva de 2017, foi encontrada, por busca ativa, a incidência de 7,2% de condições adquiridas
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
        </sup>. Esses dois estudos ocorreram em serviços acreditados com sistemas de gestão da qualidade. A variação das estimativas de EA pode ser explicada pelos diferentes métodos de identificação de incidentes, a forma de extração de dados, a racionalidade para detecção, definição e confirmação do incidente
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>
        </sup>. Ainda assim acredita-se em subnotificação dos incidentes no presente estudo, o que demonstra a necessidade de intensificar esforços para fortalecer a cultura de segurança na instituição pesquisada.
      </p>
      <p>As pacientes envolvidas nas notificações permaneceram internadas por um período mais longo do que o tempo médio de permanência para partos de gestantes de alto risco por via vaginal (3,2 dias) ou por cesárea (4,2 dias) no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
        </sup>. Em estudo retrospectivo realizado no Rio de Janeiro, o EA evitável foi responsável por 373 dias adicionais de internação na população estudada, que consistia em pacientes adultos internados em hospitais gerais, hospitais públicos e hospitais de ensino durante o ano de 2003
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
        </sup>. Em análise retrospectiva, com busca ativa de incidentes, realizada na Espanha, foi demonstrado que 36,7% das ocorrências de EA prolongaram a internação da mulher
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>Entretanto, não foi verificada associação entre maior tempo de internação e a ocorrência de EA grave, o que pode ser explicado pela limitação do estudo, que incluiu somente dados de pacientes que foram envolvidas em incidentes.</p>
      <p>A maioria dos incidentes notificados foi relacionada a procedimentos de assistência à saúde. Quanto ao subtipo de incidente, as infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde foram as mais prevalentes. Resultados semelhantes foram observados na Espanha, onde os EA relacionados ao cuidado obstétrico mais frequentes foram os que envolviam intervenções cirúrgicas ou procedimentos de saúde
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>Os procedimentos realizados no cuidado obstétrico, em especial os mais complexos e consequentemente os de maior risco, são executados no CO e esse pode ser o motivo para que se tenha verificado associação entre esse local e a ocorrência de EA com dano grave. Entretanto, não é possível descartar a possibilidade de fragilidades no processo de trabalho desse setor terem favorecido EA com dano grave. São indicados novos estudos envolvendo essas variáveis para avaliação dessa hipótese.</p>
      <p>Em relação ao turno de ocorrência dos incidentes neste estudo, observou-se a predominância do período diurno assim como em outros estudos, provavelmente pela maior frequência de procedimentos
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>,
          <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>,
          <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>
        </sup>. Todavia, observou-se que os danos graves tiveram três vezes mais chances de acontecerem no turno noturno, sugerindo aos gestores maior atenção aos trabalhadores desse turno para avaliar se a carência de treinamentos ou a existência de peculiaridades da organização possa ter relação com a ocorrência de EA nesse turno.
      </p>
      <p>Sobre os incidentes notificados com desfecho óbito, o presente estudo apresentou percentual maior do que o encontrado em estudo nacional com dados do Notivisa (0,6%)
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>
        </sup>. Sendo que no Notivisa os dados são referentes à população geral notificada, diferente da população estudada nesse estudo, que se limita a mulheres em cuidado obstétrico. Os registros das investigações dos casos que resultaram em óbito no Notivisa são escassos, o que pode dificultar a associação do óbito ao EA
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>O profissional que mais notificou foi o enfermeiro, resultado semelhante a outros estudos sobre notificações de incidentes
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,
          <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>,
          <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>
        </sup>. Apesar de apenas duas notificações terem sido realizadas pelos pacientes neste estudo, é válido ressaltar a importância do relato dos incidentes pelos pacientes, auxiliando no desenvolvimento da cultura de segurança
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>
        </sup>, realidade já verificada em estudo norueguês
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>
        </sup>. O envolvimento do paciente e da família oferece um caminho promissor para os cuidados de saúde de melhor qualidade, cuidados mais eficientes e melhorias na saúde da população
        <sup>
          <xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>
        </sup>.
      </p>
      <p>Por ser um estudo retrospectivo e somente com dados de incidentes notificados, há limitações na generalização dos resultados bem como na associação entre as variáveis devido ao desenho do tipo transversal limitar a compreensão da relação de causa e efeito. Todavia, a análise dos dados oriundos de notificações voluntárias de incidentes possibilita o aperfeiçoamento dos instrumentos, bem como contribui para a tomada de decisões institucionais em prol da melhoria da qualidade e da segurança do cuidado materno e infantil.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>CONCLUSÕES</title>
      <p>Na análise dos incidentes notificados no período, observou-se que a maioria se caracterizou como EA por terem causado danos às mulheres e, destes, mais da metade foram classificados como moderado ou grave com evolução para óbito em alguns casos. Observou-se também que os EA graves têm mais chance de ocorrer no CO e no período noturno, evidenciando a importância da instituição em implementar estratégias de melhoria nesse setor, como protocolos assistenciais, definição de fluxos de atendimento e educação continuada, analisando o motivo de ocorrerem danos mais graves nesse turno e como prevenir essas ocorrências. Ademais os resultados indicaram relevância da notificação que, associada à compreensão, análise e investigação desses casos, gera conhecimento dos fatores contribuintes dos incidentes e possibilitam planos de ação e intervenções efetivas para a melhoria do cuidado.</p>
      <p>Sugerem-se outros estudos que possibilitem a estimação dos incidentes obstétricos por meio de busca ativa e uso de metodologias sistemáticas para promover uma compreensão real da ocorrência de EA e dos fatores relacionados, possibilitando melhoria contínua na assistência obstétrica.</p>
    </sec>
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  <!--sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ARTICLE</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reported incidents in obstetric care of a public hospital and associated factors</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8181-4214</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Neiva</surname>
            <given-names>Lia Esther Corrêa de Paula</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>I</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01001">
            <sup>*</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0194-4196</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barros</surname>
            <given-names>Ângela Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>II</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8318-4658</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Imoto</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Mizusaki</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>II</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2675-8085</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gottems</surname>
            <given-names>Leila Bernarda Donato</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>II</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>I</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Hospital Materno-Infantil de Brasília (HMIB), Brasília, DF, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>II</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> * E-mail: liaesther@gmail.com </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>Authors have no potential conflict of interest to declare, related to this study’s political or financial peers and institutions.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>ABSTRACT</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Introduction</title>
          <p> Patient safety seeks to reduce, to an acceptable minimum, the risk of unnecessary harm associated with health care. Regarding maternal and neonatal care, quality and safety have also occupied the agenda of Brazilian public policies intensively as a strategy for reducing perinatal morbidity and mortality.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p> To analyze the incidents related to obstetric care reported in a public hospital according to the profile of the women involved and factors associated with serious adverse events.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Method</title>
          <p> A cross-sectional, retrospective study with incidents recorded in the Incident Reporting System of a public hospital in Federal District specialized in maternal and child care between 2015 and 2017. A logistic regression in one model, with subsequent adjustment of variables in a multiple model, was used to evaluate the factors associated with severe adverse events.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> A total of 114 incidents were reported, of which 104 occurred in patients and resulted in mild (16.7%), moderate (32.5%) and severe (24.5%) injuries, with 4.8% of deaths related to the incident. The majority of the incidents occurred during the day (75.3%), in the Obstetric Center (51.7%), were notified by nurses (57.0%) and were related to health care procedures (48.3%). Serious adverse events were more likely to occur at the Obstetric Center (OR = 3.86, 95%CI 1.26–11.84) and at night (OR = 3.37, 95%CI 1.16–9.75).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p> Most incidents caused moderate or severe damage to patients. Serious events were more likely to occur at the Obstetric Center and at night.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Patient Safety</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Management</kwd>
        <kwd>Medical Errors</kwd>
        <kwd>Women’s Health</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Health Care</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
        <p>The topic of patient safety has been increasingly discussed worldwide since the publication of a report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) called 
          <italic>To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System</italic>, in 1999. Among several other consequences, the document addressed the impact of mortality rates and longer hospitalization times
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
          </sup>. Patient safety is an important component of quality healthcare and is defined as the prevention, improvement and correction of adverse outcomes or injuries derived from the care process, with support to the patients and professionals involved
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,
            <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>In Brazil, the National Patient Safety Program (PNSP) was instituted by Ministry of Health Ordinance n. 529, of April 1, 2013, and Resolution of the Collegiate Board (RDC) of the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) n. 36, of July 25, 2013, with the objective of improving the qualification of care in all healthcare institutions. These normative documents determined the establishment of Patient Safety Centers (NSP) in all hospital care institutions
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,
            <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>A relevant competence of the NSP is the surveillance of healthcare-related incidents and their reporting to the National Health Surveillance System (SNVS). This reporting must be done in the specific module of the Health Surveillance Notification System (Notivisa).</p>
        <p>For this purpose, incident reporting forms or systems (SNI) are important NSP tools that should be available in all health services. This enables a culture in which patients, professionals and managers can understand the risk factors involved in healthcare, as well as devise strategies to prevent the recurrence of incidents
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>,
            <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>The analyzed reports help identify opportunities for improvement and the development of a safety culture
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>,
            <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
          </sup>. The data generated by these systems enable the production of information that supports corrective and preventive actions for safer healthcare
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>Patient safety seeks to reduce, to an acceptable minimum standard, the risk of unnecessary harm associated with healthcare. Patient safety incident is the event or circumstance that may or may not have resulted in unnecessary patient harm. The incidents that cause care-related harm are referred to as adverse events (AEs) and may increase the patient’s length of hospitalization or result in a disability at hospital discharge
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,
            <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>AEs are classified according to the presence of preventable harm and can be considered: Mild AE, when the patient has mild symptoms, short-lived minimal or intermediate harm without intervention or minimal intervention; moderate AE, when additional or complementary intervention is required, with prolonged hospitalization, loss of function, permanent or long-term harm; and severe AE, when major life-saving medical/surgical intervention is required or because there has been major permanent or long-term harm, fetal disturbance/risk or congenital anomaly; death caused or accelerated by the AE
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>Regarding maternal and neonatal care, quality and safety have also played an important role in the agenda of Brazilian public policies as a strategy for reducing perinatal morbidity and mortality
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>,
            <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>AEs in maternity care are often preventable, although the costs of care are increasing worldwide, as are legal disputes arising from healthcare-related harm
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>,
            <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>Understanding the problem in different approaches is fundamental, since this would enable appropriate interventions to reduce deaths and unnecessary harm
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>To increase knowledge about the occurrence of incidents in obstetrics, with or without harm, we must use information technology and analytical tools such as obstetric safety indicators, clinical sessions or reporting systems. Detecting the characteristics of an AE enables the creation of strategies to prevent or mitigate the impact of unpredictable events, and to build a sustainable model to improve patient care and safety
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>,
            <xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>In Brazil’s Federal District, studies on the complications of the pregnancy-puerperal cycle are scarce
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
          </sup>. Therefore, learning more about incidents related to obstetric care can contribute to improving interventions that can make care safer, which warrants the conduction of the present study.
        </p>
        <p>This paper aimed to analyze the incidents related to obstetric care reported in a public hospital according to the profile of women involved and factors associated with severe AEs.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>METHOD</title>
        <p>The study is cross-sectional and retrospective. It was carried out in a public hospital in Brazil’s Federal District, a reference for high-risk gestational care, specialized in maternal and child care.</p>
        <p>The population consisted of all incident reports related to obstetric care in cases occurred during pregnancy, childbirth and up to 42 days after the end of pregnancy, filed from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2017.</p>
        <p>The reports were collected from the Patient Quality and Safety Center (NQSP) through the SNI, and additional information was surveyed from the electronic records of the patients involved. The NQSP was instituted in November 2013 and the SNI consists of an electronic form available since October 2014 to professionals, users and family members. After being filled in by the reporting party with basic information about the incident, the electronic reporting form is sent to the NQSP for analysis. When the information describes severe harm, it is the subject of a plan of action.</p>
        <p>The variables of the reporting form that were surveyed and analyzed in this study were: date of the incident, date of reporting, place and shift of the incident, identification of the involved patient (name, date of birth and medical record number), description of the incident and professional category of the reporting person. We also included the type, subtype and classification of the incident, as well as the occurrence or not of harm to the patient, which was confirmed in the medical records.</p>
        <p>The percentages of women involved in AEs reported were calculated according to the number of women served per year. The incidents were categorized into types, according to the classification done in Notivisa.</p>
        <p>The database was organized using Excel
          <italic>®</italic> version 15.26. For data analysis, we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®), version 25.0. In the descriptive analysis, the percentage distribution of qualitative variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion of quantitative variables were performed. To assess factors associated with severe AEs, this variable was considered as dependent and categorized as “yes” when the AE had severe harm and “no” when the AE had mild or moderate harm.
        </p>
        <p>Independent variables were age (&lt; or ≥ 35 years) in view of the association of severe maternal morbidity and women aged ≥ 35 years
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>
          </sup>, days of hospitalization (≤ or &gt; 4 days) due to the average length of stay of 4 days for high-risk cesarean sections
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
          </sup> and AEs having caused more days of hospitalization in a previous study
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
          </sup>, place of occurrence of the incident (yes: obstetric center – OC; no: ward and intensive care unit) and occurrence shift (day and night), considering the variations in work processes, according to sector and time, and the possible relationship of this with the AEs.
        </p>
        <p>To estimate the association between dependent and independent variables in a cross-sectional study, we decided to look for the odds ratio (OR) rather than the prevalence ratio, since a previous study did not find substantial differences between them and also because the dependent variable does not have high prevalence
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>Initially a simple logistic regression model was performed to analyze the independent variables associated with the dependent variable with the chi-square test. Then, in a multiple logistic regression model (stepwise forward), the independent variables that presented p &lt; 0.25 in the simple model
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
          </sup>were adjusted. The variables with p &lt; 0.05 remained in the multiple model. All association measures were estimated with their respective 95% confidence intervals.
        </p>
        <p>The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Teaching and Research Foundation (FEPECS) under number 1.907.907.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>RESULTS</title>
        <p>During the study period, there were 9,323 births, of which 48.6% were cesarean sections and 51.3% were normal births, with an average of 310 births/month and 3,729 births/year. A total of 114 incidents were reported in the period, of which 104 involved patients, which means 1.1% of the women treated in the period. The other ten incidents were reported circumstances with potential risk of AEs, but that did not affect any patient, hence the discrepancy between the number of patients and the number of incidents in the study.</p>
        <p>The women involved in the 20 AE reports in 2015 accounted for 0.4% of the total women; the 52 reports made in 2016 were equivalent to 1.3% of the total women; and the 42 reports made in the first half of 2017 corresponded to 2.8% of the number of women surveyed in the same period.</p>
        <p>They had a mean age of 28.2 years (± 7.6 years), ranging from 16 to 44 years. The most frequent age group was from 20 to 34 years old (54.8%). The average length of hospitalization was 14 days (± 16.4 days), with a minimum of one and a maximum of 79 days of hospitalization. Most were nulliparous (53.5%), had a preterm pregnancy (&lt;37 weeks) and were hospitalized to perform or because of cesarean section (49.0%) (
          <xref rid="t1001" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>).
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Characteristics of 104 patients involved in reported incidents related to obstetric care. Brasília-DF, 2017.</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Variable</th>
                  <th align="left">Category</th>
                  <th>N</th>
                  <th>(%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Age range</td>
                  <td>≤ 19 years</td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">18.3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>20 to 34 years old</td>
                  <td align="center">57</td>
                  <td align="center">54.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>≥ 35 years</td>
                  <td align="center">28</td>
                  <td align="center">26.9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="4">Number of pregnancies</td>
                  <td>First pregnancy</td>
                  <td align="center">32</td>
                  <td align="center">30.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Two or three pregnancies</td>
                  <td align="center">41</td>
                  <td align="center">39.4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>More than three pregnancies</td>
                  <td align="center">25</td>
                  <td align="center">24.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No records</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">5.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="4">Number of vaginal births</td>
                  <td>Nulliparous</td>
                  <td align="center">53</td>
                  <td align="center">51.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Primiparous</td>
                  <td align="center">25</td>
                  <td align="center">24.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Multiparous</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">20.2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No records</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                  <td align="center">4.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Number of cesarean sections</td>
                  <td>No cesarean section</td>
                  <td align="center">67</td>
                  <td align="center">64.4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>One or more cesarean sections</td>
                  <td align="center">30</td>
                  <td align="center">28.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No records</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                  <td align="center">6.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Number of miscarriages</td>
                  <td>No miscarriage</td>
                  <td align="center">67</td>
                  <td align="center">64.4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>One or more miscarriages</td>
                  <td align="center">31</td>
                  <td align="center">29.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No records</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">5.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="5">Gestational age in weeks</td>
                  <td>&lt; 22</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                  <td align="center">9.6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>22 to 31</td>
                  <td align="center">9</td>
                  <td align="center">8.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>32 to 36</td>
                  <td align="center">29</td>
                  <td align="center">27.9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>37 to 41</td>
                  <td align="center">43</td>
                  <td align="center">41.3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No records</td>
                  <td align="center">13</td>
                  <td align="center">12.5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="4">Reason for hospitalization</td>
                  <td>Vaginal birth</td>
                  <td align="center">35</td>
                  <td align="center">33.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cesarean section</td>
                  <td align="center">51</td>
                  <td align="center">49.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Miscarriage</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                  <td align="center">7.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Gestation</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                  <td align="center">9.6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Patient outcome</td>
                  <td>High</td>
                  <td align="center">70</td>
                  <td align="center">67.3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Transfer</td>
                  <td align="center">24</td>
                  <td align="center">23.1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Death</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                  <td align="center">9.6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Incident-related death</td>
                  <td>Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                  <td align="center">4.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No</td>
                  <td align="center">99</td>
                  <td align="center">95.1</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Of the incidents reported and analyzed in this study, most had harm (73.7%), including 57.0% with moderate and severe harm. The most frequent site was the CO (51.7%). Nurses were the professionals responsible for most reports (57.0%). Most AEs occurred during the daytime (75.3%) (
          <xref rid="t2001" ref-type="table">Table 2</xref>).
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Characteristics of 114 reported incidents related to obstetric care. Brasília-DF, 2017.</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Variable</th>
                  <th align="left">Category</th>
                  <th>N</th>
                  <th>(%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="4">Incident classification</td>
                  <td>Incident without harm</td>
                  <td align="center">30</td>
                  <td align="center">26.3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Adverse event with mild harm</td>
                  <td align="center">19</td>
                  <td align="center">16.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Adverse event with moderate harm</td>
                  <td align="center">37</td>
                  <td align="center">32.5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Adverse event with severe harm</td>
                  <td align="center">28</td>
                  <td align="center">24.6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Incident location</td>
                  <td>Obstetric center</td>
                  <td align="center">59</td>
                  <td align="center">51.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ward</td>
                  <td align="center">20</td>
                  <td align="center">17.5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intensive care unit</td>
                  <td align="center">35</td>
                  <td align="center">30.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="5">Incident reporter</td>
                  <td>Nurse</td>
                  <td align="center">65</td>
                  <td align="center">57.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nursing technician</td>
                  <td align="center">35</td>
                  <td align="center">30.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pharmacist</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                  <td align="center">4.4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Physician</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                  <td align="center">6.1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Patient</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">1.8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Incident occurrence shift</td>
                  <td>Day</td>
                  <td align="center">73</td>
                  <td align="center">64.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Night</td>
                  <td align="center">24</td>
                  <td align="center">21.1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>No records</td>
                  <td align="center">17</td>
                  <td align="center">14.9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="4">Incident type</td>
                  <td>Related to healthcare procedure</td>
                  <td align="center">55</td>
                  <td align="center">48.2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Related to surgical procedure</td>
                  <td align="center">27</td>
                  <td align="center">23.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Medication-related incident</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">18.4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Related to medical-hospital device or equipment</td>
                  <td align="center">11</td>
                  <td align="center">9.6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="10">Incident subtype</td>
                  <td>Healthcare-associated infection</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">20.2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Technical complaint</td>
                  <td align="center">21</td>
                  <td align="center">18.4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Avoidable injury during care</td>
                  <td align="center">15</td>
                  <td align="center">13.2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Severe maternal morbidity</td>
                  <td align="center">12</td>
                  <td align="center">10.5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Medication-related incident</td>
                  <td align="center">12</td>
                  <td align="center">10.5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Non-recommended birth practice</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">5.3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Related to the environment and processes</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">5.3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pressure injury and falls</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">5.3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Identification failures</td>
                  <td align="center">5</td>
                  <td align="center">4.4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Others</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                  <td align="center">7.0</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Most of them were related to healthcare procedures (48.3%) and healthcare-associated infections (HAI) (20.1%). Among the outcomes, 61.0% of the patients were discharged, 21.1% were transferred and 8.8% died. Of the ten deaths identified, five were related to the reported incidents.</p>
        <p>In the simple logistic regression model, a statistically significant association was found between the occurrence of AEs with severe harm and the OC as the event site (p = 0.002) and the night shift (p = 0.013) (
          <xref rid="t3001" ref-type="table">Table 3</xref>). These variables remained associated with AE with severe harm in the multiple logistic regression model, indicating three times more likelihood of this event occurring at night and in the OC (
          <xref rid="t4001" ref-type="table">Table 4</xref>).
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Distribution of severe adverse event occurrences and association with patient characteristics and reported incidents. Brasília-DF, 2017.</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"></th>
                  <th colspan="2">Adverse event with severe harm</th>
                  <th colspan="3" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"></th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Variable</th>
                  <th>Category</th>
                  <th>No N (%)</th>
                  <th>Yes N (%)</th>
                  <th>p</th>
                  <th>OR</th>
                  <th>CI 95%</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Age</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 35 years</td>
                  <td align="center">57 (54.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (18.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1.00</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">≥ 35 years</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (18.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (8.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.467</td>
                  <td align="center">1.42</td>
                  <td align="center">0.55–3.67</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Days of hospitalization</td>
                  <td align="center">≤ 4 days</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (24.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (7.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1.00</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">&gt; 4 days</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (49.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (19.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.675</td>
                  <td align="center">1.23</td>
                  <td align="center">0.47–3.17</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Obstetric center</td>
                  <td align="center">No</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (43.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (5.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1.00</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (32.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (19.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.002</td>
                  <td align="center">4.86</td>
                  <td align="center">1.79–13.18</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Shift of occurrence</td>
                  <td align="center">Day</td>
                  <td align="center">61 (62.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (12.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">1.00</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Night</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (14.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (10.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.013</td>
                  <td align="center">3.63</td>
                  <td align="center">1.31–10.08</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>OR - odds ratio; CI - confidence interval; p - p value.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t4001">
            <label>Table 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Variables associated with the occurrence of an adverse event with severe harm in the multiple logistic regression model. Brasília-DF, 2017.</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Variable</th>
                  <th>Category</th>
                  <th>adjusted OR</th>
                  <th>CI 95%</th>
                  <th>p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Obstetric center</td>
                  <td align="center">No</td>
                  <td align="center">1.00</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Yes</td>
                  <td align="center">3.86</td>
                  <td align="center">1.26–11.84</td>
                  <td align="center">0.018</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Shift of occurrence</td>
                  <td align="center">Day</td>
                  <td align="center">1.00</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Night</td>
                  <td align="center">3.37</td>
                  <td align="center">1.16–9.75</td>
                  <td align="center">0.025</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2001">
                <p>OR - odds ratio; CI - confidence interval; p - p value.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>DISCUSSION</title>
        <p>Most reported incidents in obstetric care caused harm to patients and more than half were classified as moderate or severe, including death in some cases. Events with severe harm were more likely to occur in the OC and at night.</p>
        <p>Even though there was an increase in the number of reports over the studied period, the reports analyzed in this study certainly do not represent all the incidents that occurred in the period. This is because it is estimated that 421 million hospitalizations occur worldwide every year, with about 42.7 million incidents with harm
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>A retrospective study conducted in Spain found an incidence of 3.6% of the occurrence of AEs related to obstetric care
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
          </sup>. In Brazil, a study conducted in a general hospital found 3.3% of reported incidents among hospitalized patients
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
          </sup>. In a retrospective cohort of 2017 through active search, we found the incidence of 7.2% of acquired conditions
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
          </sup>. These two studies took place in accredited services with quality management systems. The variation of AE estimates can be explained by different incident identification methods, form of data collection, and the rationale for incident detection, definition and confirmation
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>
          </sup>. Nevertheless, we believe there is underreporting of incidents in the present study, which demonstrates the need to put more effort into strengthening the safety culture of the researched institution.
        </p>
        <p>The patients involved in the reports remained hospitalized for a longer period than the average length of stay for high-risk pregnant women who gave birth vaginally (3.2 days) or through cesarean section (4.2 days) in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS)
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
          </sup>. In a retrospective study conducted in Rio de Janeiro, preventable AEs were responsible for an additional 373 days of hospitalization in the study population, which consisted of adult patients admitted to general hospitals, public hospitals and teaching hospitals in 2003
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
          </sup>. A retrospective analysis with active search of incidents done in Spain has shown that 36.7% of AE occurrences prolonged women’s hospitalization time
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>However, no association was found between longer hospital stays and the occurrence of severe AEs, which may be explained by the limitation of the study, which included only data from patients who were involved in incidents.</p>
        <p>Most reported incidents were related to healthcare procedures. Healthcare-associated infections were the most prevalent subtype of incident. Similar results were achieved in Spain, where the most frequent obstetric care-associated AEs were those involving surgical interventions or health procedures
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>The procedures performed in obstetric care, especially the most complex and consequently the most risky ones, are performed in the OC and this may be the reason for the association between this site and the occurrence of AEs with severe harm. However, it is not possible to rule out the possibility that shortcomings in the workflow of this sector have favored AEs with severe harm. Further studies involving these variables are indicated to evaluate this hypothesis.</p>
        <p>Regarding the shift where the incidents occurred, in this study, we found the predominance of the day shift, and so did other studies, probably due to the higher frequency of procedures that take place during daytime
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>,
            <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>,
            <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>
          </sup>. However, we observed that severe harm was three times more likely to happen on the night shift. This suggests that managers should pay more attention to workers on this shift to assess whether lack of training or any particularities may be related to the occurrence of AEs on this shift.
        </p>
        <p>Regarding incidents reported with death outcome, the present study found a higher percentage than that found in a Brazil-wide study with data from Notivisa (0.6%)
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>
          </sup>. Notivisa data refer to reports about the population in general, unlike this study, which is limited to women in obstetric care. The records of investigations of cases that resulted in death in Notivisa are scarce, which hinders the association of the death with the AE
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>The professionals who filed reports most often were the nurses, a result similar to other studies on incident reporting
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,
            <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>,
            <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>
          </sup>. Although in this study only two reports were made by patients, it is worth noting the importance of incident reporting by patients, since it helps develop a safety culture
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>
          </sup>, which has already been verified in a Norwegian study
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>
          </sup>. Patient and family engagement is a promising path for better quality, more efficient care and better health for the population
          <sup>
            <xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>
          </sup>.
        </p>
        <p>Since this is a retrospective study with data from reported incidents only, there are limitations in the generalization of the results, as well as in the association between the variables, once the cross-sectional design limits the understanding of the cause and effect relationship. Nevertheless, the analysis of data from voluntary incident reports enables the improvement of the instruments, as well as contributes to institutional decisions to improve the quality and safety of maternal and child care.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>CONCLUSIONS</title>
        <p>In the analysis of the incidents reported in the period, we observed that most were characterized as AEs because they caused harm to women and, of these, more than half were classified as moderate or severe, with death in some cases. We also observed that severe AEs are more likely to occur in the OC and at night. This shows the importance of implementing improvement strategies in this sector, with tools like care protocols, setup of workflows and continuing education, analyzing the reason for the occurrence of more severe harm on this shift and how to prevent it from happening. Furthermore, the results indicated the relevance of reporting, which, associated with the understanding, analysis and investigation of these cases, increases awareness of the contributing factors of the incidents and enables action plans and effective interventions.</p>
        <p>Other studies are suggested to enable the estimation of obstetric incidents through active search and use of systematic methodologies. This can increase our understanding of the occurrence of AEs and related factors and enable continuous improvement of obstetric care.</p>
      </sec>
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